Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Box 1223, SE-351 12, Växjö, Sweden.
Biol Sex Differ. 2019 Nov 21;10(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s13293-019-0268-0.
Galectin-3 binding protein (Gal3BP), sCD163, galectin-3, and depression have been linked to cardiovascular disease and mortality. In patients with type 1 diabetes, female sex has also been linked to cardiovascular disease and mortality. The aim was to explore whether female sex, sCD163, galectin-3, and depression were associated with Gal3BP in patients with type 1 diabetes. We adjusted for metabolic variables, creatinine, smoking, physical inactivity, and cardiovascular disease.
Cross-sectional design. Patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 285, women 44%, age18-59 years, diabetes duration 1-55 years) were consecutively recruited from one diabetes outpatient clinic. Blood samples, anthropometrics, and blood pressure were collected, supplemented with data from electronic medical records. High Gal3BP was defined as ≥3.3 mg/l (≥80th percentile). Depression was assessed by a self-report instrument. Linear and logistic regression models were elaborated for the associations and calibrated and validated for goodness of fit with the data variables.
Median (q, q) Gal3BP was 2.3 (1.8, 3.1) mg/l. The prevalence of high Gal3BP for women was 30% and 14% for men (p = 0.001). Female sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.0), sCD163 (per μg/l) (AOR 6.6), and total cholesterol (per mmol/l) (AOR 1.6) were positively associated with high Gal3BP, and HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l) (AOR 0.2) was negatively associated with high Gal3BP.
High Gal3BP levels were associated with female sex, increasing sCD163 and total cholesterol levels, and decreasing HDL-cholesterol levels in patients with type 1 diabetes. The prevalence of high Gal3BP was more than twice as high in the women as in the men.
半乳糖凝集素-3 结合蛋白（Gal3BP）、可溶性 CD163、半乳糖凝集素-3 和抑郁与心血管疾病和死亡率有关。在 1 型糖尿病患者中，女性也与心血管疾病和死亡率有关。目的是探讨 1 型糖尿病患者中女性、sCD163、半乳糖凝集素-3 和抑郁是否与 Gal3BP 相关。我们调整了代谢变量、肌酐、吸烟、缺乏运动和心血管疾病。
横断面设计。从一家糖尿病门诊连续招募了 285 名 1 型糖尿病患者（女性占 44%，年龄 18-59 岁，糖尿病病程 1-55 年）。采集了血液样本、人体测量学和血压数据，并补充了电子病历数据。高 Gal3BP 定义为≥3.3mg/l（≥80 百分位）。抑郁通过自我报告工具评估。阐述了线性和逻辑回归模型以探讨相关性，并对数据变量进行校准和验证以拟合度。
Gal3BP 的中位数（q，q）为 2.3（1.8，3.1）mg/l。女性高 Gal3BP 的患病率为 30%，男性为 14%（p=0.001）。女性（调整后的优势比（AOR）3.0）、sCD163（每μg/l）（AOR 6.6）和总胆固醇（每 mmol/l）（AOR 1.6）与高 Gal3BP 呈正相关，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（每 mmol/l）（AOR 0.2）与高 Gal3BP 呈负相关。
在 1 型糖尿病患者中，Gal3BP 水平与女性、sCD163 和总胆固醇水平升高以及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平降低有关。女性高 Gal3BP 的患病率是男性的两倍多。
