Sabanci Seyyid Said, Ocal Mehmet Kamil
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Anat Histol Embryol. 2018 Aug;47(4):358-363. doi: 10.1111/ahe.12362. Epub 2018 May 14.
Orthopaedic diseases are common in the pelvic limbs of dogs, and reference values for large muscle groups of the pelvic limb may aid in diagnosis such diseases. As such, the objective of this study was to compare the large muscle groups of the pelvic limb in seven breeds of dogs. A total of 126 dogs from different breeds were included, and the widths of the quadriceps, hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles were measured from images of the lateral radiographies. The width of the quadriceps was not different between the breeds, but the widths of the hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles were significantly different between the breeds. The widest hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles were seen in the Rottweilers and the Boxers, respectively. The narrowest hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles were seen in the Belgian Malinois and the Golden retrievers, respectively. All ratios between the measured muscles differed significantly between the breeds. Doberman pinschers and Belgian Malinois had the highest ratio of gastrocnemius width:hamstring width. Doberman pinschers had also the highest ratio of quadriceps width:hamstring width. German shepherds had the highest ratio of gastrocnemius width:quadriceps width. The lowest ratios of quadriceps width:hamstring width were determined in the German shepherds. The ratios of the muscle widths may be used as reference values to assess muscular atrophy or hypertrophy in cases of bilateral or unilateral orthopaedic diseases of the pelvic limbs. Further studies are required to determine the widths and ratios of the large muscle groups of the pelvic limbs in other dog breeds.
骨科疾病在犬类的后肢中很常见，后肢大肌肉群的参考值可能有助于此类疾病的诊断。因此，本研究的目的是比较七种犬类后肢的大肌肉群。总共纳入了来自不同品种的126只犬，从侧位X线片图像中测量股四头肌、腘绳肌和腓肠肌的宽度。各品种之间股四头肌的宽度没有差异，但腘绳肌和腓肠肌的宽度在品种之间存在显著差异。分别在罗威纳犬和拳师犬中观察到最宽的腘绳肌和腓肠肌。分别在比利时马林诺斯犬和金毛寻回犬中观察到最窄的腘绳肌和腓肠肌。各品种之间所测量肌肉的所有比例均存在显著差异。杜宾犬和比利时马林诺斯犬的腓肠肌宽度与腘绳肌宽度之比最高。杜宾犬的股四头肌宽度与腘绳肌宽度之比也最高。德国牧羊犬的腓肠肌宽度与股四头肌宽度之比最高。德国牧羊犬的股四头肌宽度与腘绳肌宽度之比最低。肌肉宽度的比例可作为参考值，用于评估后肢双侧或单侧骨科疾病病例中的肌肉萎缩或肥大情况。需要进一步研究以确定其他犬种后肢大肌肉群的宽度和比例。
