Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UPS, BP.93173 F-31027 Toulouse CEDEX 3, France.
Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cotonou Camp Guézo, Cotonou 01BP517, Benin.
Toxins (Basel). 2018 May 15;10(5):199. doi: 10.3390/toxins10050199.
Type B trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most frequently occurring food contaminants. By inducing trans-activation of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the stability of their mRNA, trichothecene can impair intestinal health. Several yeast products, especially , have the potential for improving the enteric health of piglets, but little is known about the mechanisms by which the administration of yeast counteracts the DON-induced intestinal alterations. Using a pig jejunum explant model, a whole-transcriptome analysis was performed to decipher the early response of the small intestine to the deleterious effects of DON after administration of boulardii strain CNCM I-1079. Compared to the control condition, no differentially expressed gene (DE) was observed after treatment by yeast only. By contrast, 3619 probes-corresponding to 2771 genes-were differentially expressed following exposure to DON, and 32 signaling pathways were identified from the IPA software functional analysis of the set of DE genes. When the intestinal explants were treated with boulardii prior to DON exposure, the number of DE genes decreased by half (1718 probes corresponding to 1384 genes). Prototypical inflammation signaling pathways triggered by DON, including NF-κB and p38 MAPK, were reversed, although the yeast demonstrated limited efficacy toward some other pathways. boulardii also restored the lipid metabolism signaling pathway, and reversed the down-regulation of the antioxidant action of vitamin C signaling pathway. The latter effect could reduce the burden of DON-induced oxidative stress. Altogether, the results show that boulardii reduces the DON-induced alteration of intestinal transcriptome, and point to new mechanisms for the healing of tissue injury by yeast.
B 型单端孢霉烯族毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是最常发生的食品污染物之一。通过诱导许多促炎细胞因子的反式激活并增加其 mRNA 的稳定性，单端孢霉烯族毒素可损害肠道健康。一些酵母产品，特别是 ，具有改善仔猪肠道健康的潜力，但对于酵母给药对抗 DON 诱导的肠道改变的机制知之甚少。使用猪空肠外植体模型，进行了全转录组分析，以破译 DON 给药后小肠对其有害影响的早期反应。与对照条件相比，仅用酵母处理后未观察到差异表达基因（DE）。相比之下，暴露于 DON 后，有 3619 个探针（对应于 2771 个基因）表达差异，IPA 软件对 DE 基因集的功能分析确定了 32 个信号通路。当肠外植体在暴露于 DON 之前用 处理时，DE 基因的数量减少了一半（1718 个探针对应于 1384 个基因）。DON 触发的典型炎症信号通路，包括 NF-κB 和 p38 MAPK，被逆转，尽管酵母对其他一些通路的效果有限。 还恢复了脂质代谢信号通路，并逆转了维生素 C 信号通路抗氧化作用的下调。后一种作用可以减轻 DON 诱导的氧化应激的负担。总之，这些结果表明 减少了 DON 诱导的肠道转录组改变，并为酵母对组织损伤的修复提供了新的机制。
