Liu Sonia Y, Cowieson Aaron J, Selle Peter H
Poultry Research Foundation within the Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
Anim Nutr. 2016 Jun;2(2):86-92. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.03.003. Epub 2016 Mar 22.
The objective of this study was to examine the influence of meat-and-bone meal (MBM) and phytase inclusion on growth performance, bone mineralisation and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients in broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets. The feeding study comprised 7 dietary treatments: positive control (PC, 9.0% Ca and 4.5% available phosphorous [AvP] in starter, 7.0% Ca and 3.5% AvP in finisher); negative control (NC, 7.2% Ca and 3.0% AvP in starter, 5.2% Ca and 2.0% AvP in finisher) diets incorporating a 3 × 2 factorial array of 3 MBM inclusions (0, 60, 120 g/kg) and 2 levels of phytase supplementation (0 and 1,000 FYT/kg). Each treatment was allocated to 6 replicated pens with 30 birds per pen in an environmentally-controlled deep litter facility. A total of 1,260 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were offered starter diets from 1 to 14 days post-hatch and finisher diets from 15 to 36 days post-hatch. There were significant ( < 0.05) interactions between MBM inclusions and phytase supplementation on weight gain and feed intake in starter diets. Phytase significantly increased weight gain in diets without MBM and did not influence weight gain in diets with 60 and 120 g/kg MBM. Collectively, increasing MBM inclusion significantly reduced weight gain in starter diets ( < 0.0001). There were dietary interactions ( < 0.01) on toe ash where phytase significantly improved toe ash in diet without MBM and did not influence toe ash in the other two groups of negative control diets. There were no dietary treatment interactions on apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of starch and protein except that diets without MBM had significantly ( < 0.01) lower ileal starch digestibility and diets with 120 g/kg MBM had significantly ( < 0.0001) lower ileal protein digestibility. No dietary influence on ileal fat digestibility was observed. There were dietary interactions on ileal digestibilities of isoleucine, valine and glycine. Phytase significantly increased glycine digestibility in diets with 60 and 120 g/kg MBM but not in diets without MBM. Including 120 g/kg MBM significantly ( < 0.01) depressed apparent digestibility coefficients of 13 16 amino acids in the distal ileum. This study demonstrated the negative impacts of MBM on amino acid digestibility and growth performance. Also, responses to phytase were more pronounced in diets without MBM, which may have been due to their relatively lower available P and higher phytate concentrations in comparison to diets containing MBM.
本研究的目的是探讨在以小麦为基础的日粮中添加肉骨粉（MBM）和植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能、骨骼矿化及养分表观消化率的影响。饲养试验包括7种日粮处理：正对照组（PC，雏鸡日粮中钙含量为9.0%，有效磷[AvP]含量为4.5%；育成鸡日粮中钙含量为7.0%，AvP含量为3.5%）；负对照组（NC，雏鸡日粮中钙含量为7.2%，AvP含量为3.0%；育成鸡日粮中钙含量为5.2%，AvP含量为2.0%），日粮采用3×2析因设计，包含3个MBM添加水平（0、60、120 g/kg）和2个植酸酶添加水平（0和1,000 FYT/kg）。每个处理分配到6个重复栏，每个栏中有30只鸡，饲养于环境控制的厚垫料鸡舍。总共1260只1日龄雄性罗斯308雏鸡，在孵化后1至14天饲喂雏鸡日粮，15至36天饲喂育成鸡日粮。在雏鸡日粮中，MBM添加量和植酸酶添加之间对体重增加和采食量存在显著（P<0.05）交互作用。植酸酶显著提高了无MBM日粮中的体重增加，但对含60和120 g/kg MBM日粮中的体重增加无影响。总体而言，增加MBM添加量显著降低了雏鸡日粮中的体重增加（P<0.0001）。在趾骨灰分方面存在日粮交互作用（P<0.01），其中植酸酶显著提高了无MBM日粮中的趾骨灰分，但对其他两组负对照日粮中的趾骨灰分无影响。除了无MBM日粮的回肠淀粉消化率显著（P<0.01）较低以及含120 g/kg MBM日粮的回肠蛋白质消化率显著（P<0.0001）较低外，日粮处理对淀粉和蛋白质的回肠表观消化率没有交互作用。未观察到日粮对回肠脂肪消化率的影响。在异亮氨酸、缬氨酸和甘氨酸的回肠消化率方面存在日粮交互作用。植酸酶显著提高了含60和120 g/kg MBM日粮中的甘氨酸消化率，但对无MBM日粮中的甘氨酸消化率无影响。添加120 g/kg MBM显著（P<0.01）降低了回肠末端13 - 16种氨基酸的表观消化率。本研究证明了MBM对氨基酸消化率和生长性能的负面影响。此外，在无MBM日粮中对植酸酶的反应更明显，这可能是由于与含MBM日粮相比，其有效磷含量相对较低且植酸盐浓度较高。
