The Natural and Anthropogenic Ecosystems Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Siberian Instititue of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontova str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jul;25(21):21176-21184. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2230-9. Epub 2018 May 17.
Anthropogenic contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) coming from a powerful aluminum smelter has been estimated by the accumulation of these substances (17 substances: phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, benz[а]anthracene, benz[b]fluoranthene, benz[k]fluoranthene, benz[а]pyrene, benz[е]pyrene, perylene, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene, benz[g,h,i]perylene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene) in needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the residential areas of Bratsk, East Siberia, Russia. It has been found that the total PAH amount reaches the maximum values (982 ng/g) in the needles of trees growing in a residential zone, remote from the smelter up to 10 km (Central Urban District), where more than half of the city's population lives. On the territory remote up to 25 km (Padunsky District), PAH needle levels decline, but are still 14.5-17.5 times higher than the background ones and at a distance of 45 km (Pravoberezhny District), they still exceed background levels (30 ng/g) by 4.7-8.1 times. Qualitative analysis of PAH showed the prevalence (up to 90% of the total amount) of 3-4 ring PAHs in pine needles on the entire studied territory. PAH concentrations increase when approaching the smelter with the highest values in the Central City District. Within the urban area, the content of PAHs with 5-6 rings (benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benz[a]anthracene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene) is also significantly increased. In the Central District, needle concentration of B[a]P, which is a class 1 carcinogen, exceeds the background one by 22 times, the Padunsky District-by 7 times, and the Pravoberezhny District-by 3 times. In the territories of the Central Districts, needle level of perylene, which is a marker of territory pollution by aluminum smelter emissions, is 18 times, the Padunsky District-by 10 times, Pravoberezhny District-by 2.5-3 times higher than in the background, where the perylene level is below the detection limit (< 0.2 ng/g).
在俄罗斯东西伯利亚的布拉茨克市，在一个距离强大的炼铝厂 10 公里（市区中心）的居民区中，通过对松树针叶中多环芳烃（17 种物质：菲、荧蒽、芘、屈、苊烯、苊、蒽、芴、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、苯并[e]芘、苯并[ghi]苝、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘、苯并[g,h,i]苝、二苯并[a,h]蒽）的积累，估计了人为的多环芳烃污染。研究发现，在距离炼铝厂最远的 10 公里范围内（市区中心）的树木针叶中，多环芳烃的总量达到了最大值（982ng/g），这里居住着全市一半以上的人口。在距离炼铝厂 25 公里的范围内（帕敦斯基区），多环芳烃的含量下降，但仍比背景值高出 14.5-17.5 倍，而在距离炼铝厂 45 公里的地方（波夫雷宾斯基区），它们仍比背景值（30ng/g）高出 4.7-8.1 倍。对多环芳烃的定性分析表明，在整个研究区域内，松树针叶中的 3-4 环多环芳烃的出现率（高达总含量的 90%）。随着靠近炼铝厂，多环芳烃的浓度会增加，而在市区中心的浓度最高。在城市范围内，5-6 环多环芳烃（苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘（B[a]P）、苯并[a]蒽、二苯并[a,h]蒽、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘、苯并[g,h,i]苝）的含量也显著增加。在市中心区，作为 1 类致癌物的 B[a]P 的针状物浓度比背景值高出 22 倍，帕敦斯基区高出 7 倍，波夫雷宾斯基区高出 3 倍。在市中心区，作为铝冶炼厂排放物污染的标志的苝的针状物水平比背景值高出 18 倍，帕敦斯基区高出 10 倍，波夫雷宾斯基区高出 2.5-3 倍，而在背景值中，苝的水平低于检测限（<0.2ng/g）。
