Department of Ecology, The Natural and Anthropogenic Ecosystems Laboratory, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontova str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jun;27(18):22400-22413. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08718-z. Epub 2020 Apr 20.
Forest surveys were conducted in 2015-2018 on 12 sample plots (SPs), located in different districts of the city of Bratsk, a large industrial center of Eastern Siberia. The ecological state of natural forests preserved within the city's territory was estimated by a set parameters of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees, understory vegetation, moss-and-lichen cover, and soil. Significant changes in the parameters caused by technogenic pollution and a high recreational load on the soil cover have been revealed. The high level of technogenic pollution of urban forests is evidenced by the accumulation of pollutants (sulfur, heavy metals, PAH) in the needles of pine trees and soil horizons, changes in the ratios of elements-pollutants and elements-nutrients in plants and soils, shift in the acid-base balance of the soil solution to alkalinity. A high recreational load on urban forest soils is indicated by many negative changes: a decrease in the thickness of the forest litter or its complete destruction; violation of the natural structure of the upper horizons due to increase in physical clay content, stony content, and anthropogenic inclusions; significant increase in soil density, and decrease in humidity, porosity, and aeration. The impact of a complex of negative factors also leads to a decrease in the species diversity of the understory vegetation, mosses, lichens, and an increase in the number of ruderal species in the herbaceous vegetation. The biggest negative changes in the parameters of forest ecosystems have been found in Tsentralny district of the city, located in close proximity (from 2 to 8 km) to a large aluminum smelter and timber industry complex. Less-pronounced negative changes in parameters were found in samples taken in the Padunsky district, located 25 km from the emission source, and the smallest changes in the parameters were found in Pravoberezhny district, 45 km away from the emission sources. The main recommendations for improving the condition of forests in all areas of the city are as follows: planning a road-path network, restoring the fertile soil layer, sodding open areas of soil with herbaceous vegetation, and selecting an assortment of trees and shrub plants that are resistant to industrial pollution and recreational stress.
2015-2018 年，在俄罗斯东西伯利亚大型工业中心布拉茨克市的不同地区，对 12 个样本地块（SP）进行了森林调查。通过一组参数来评估保存在城市境内的天然林的生态状况，这些参数包括松树（Pinus sylvestris L.）树木、林下植被、苔藓和地衣覆盖层以及土壤。研究揭示了由于技术污染和土壤覆盖物的高强度娱乐活动而导致的参数发生显著变化。城市森林受到高度的技术污染，这表现在松树针叶和土壤层中污染物（硫、重金属、多环芳烃）的积累、植物和土壤中元素-污染物和元素-养分比值的变化、土壤溶液酸碱平衡向碱性的转变。城市森林土壤的高强度娱乐活动负荷表现为许多负面变化：森林凋落物的厚度减少或完全破坏；由于物理粘粒含量、石粒含量和人为夹杂物增加，导致上层土壤结构自然结构受到破坏；土壤密度显著增加，而湿度、孔隙度和通气性降低。一系列负面因素的影响还导致林下植被、苔藓、地衣的物种多样性减少，草本植被中的先锋物种数量增加。在距离大型铝冶炼厂和木材工业综合体较近（2 至 8 公里）的城市中心区，森林生态系统参数的负面变化最大。在距离排放源 25 公里的帕敦斯基区，参数的负面变化不那么明显，而在距离排放源 45 公里的普拉沃别列日斯基区，参数的变化最小。改善城市所有地区森林状况的主要建议如下：规划道路-路径网络、恢复肥沃的土壤层、用草本植被覆盖裸露的土壤区域，以及选择对工业污染和娱乐压力具有抗性的树木和灌木植物品种。
