Reiskind Michael H, Janairo M Shawn
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
J Med Entomol. 2018 Aug 29;55(5):1086-1092. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjy073.
Immature mosquitoes alter their foraging behavior in response to variation in nutrients, predators, and temperature, with consequences on the adult stage where pathogens are transmitted. These patterns of behavior have not been described with respect to both developmental stage and environmental variation, nor has behavior been examined within an individual across instars. We hypothesized that individual larvae have distinct behavioral syndromes, and predict that the rank of foraging activity in the third instar will be correlated with foraging activity in the fourth instar for an individual across all conditions. We also hypothesized that individuals that fail to achieve adulthood forage more intensely than those that will emerge due to the need for greater resources. To examine these hypotheses, we conducted an experiment in which we exposed 96 individual Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae to four combinations of temperature and nutrients. We recorded larvae in the third and fourth instar, and generated time budgets of active and passive foraging behaviors. We found correlations between individual behavior in the third and fourth instar when conditions were the most stressful (cool temperatures and low nutrients). Controlling for this intra-individual behavior, there was variation between instar behaviors, but this was dependent on both temperature and nutrients. We also found that larvae that failed to pupate within 28 d before emergence foraged more intensely than those that emerged. While we found no evidence that mosquitoes have distinct behavioral syndromes in Ae. aegypti, we did find support that nutrients and temperature affect behavior differently at different instars.
未成熟的蚊子会根据营养物质、捕食者和温度的变化改变其觅食行为，这会对病原体传播的成虫阶段产生影响。这些行为模式尚未从发育阶段和环境变化两方面进行描述，而且也没有在个体的不同龄期内对其行为进行研究。我们假设个体幼虫具有独特的行为综合征，并预测在所有条件下，对于单个个体而言，三龄幼虫的觅食活动排名将与四龄幼虫的觅食活动相关。我们还假设，由于需要更多资源，未能发育至成虫阶段的个体比能够羽化的个体觅食更为强烈。为了检验这些假设，我们进行了一项实验，将96只埃及伊蚊（双翅目：蚊科）幼虫暴露于温度和营养物质的四种组合条件下。我们记录了三龄和四龄幼虫的情况，并生成了主动和被动觅食行为的时间预算。我们发现，在压力最大的条件下（低温和低营养），三龄和四龄幼虫的个体行为之间存在相关性。在控制这种个体内行为的情况下，不同龄期的行为存在差异，但这取决于温度和营养物质两者。我们还发现，在羽化前28天内未能化蛹的幼虫比羽化的幼虫觅食更为强烈。虽然我们没有发现证据表明埃及伊蚊中的蚊子具有独特的行为综合征，但我们确实发现有证据支持营养物质和温度在不同龄期对行为的影响不同。
