Quintana-Domeque Climent, Carvalho José Raimundo, de Oliveira Victor Hugo
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.
Econ Hum Biol. 2018 Sep;30:14-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2018.04.003. Epub 2018 May 1.
During the outbreak of the Zika virus, Brazilian health authorities recommended that pregnant women take meticulous precaution to avoid mosquito bites and that women in general use contraceptive methods to postpone/delay pregnancies. In this article, we present new estimates on the Zika virus incidence, its correlates and preventive behaviors in the Northeast of Brazil, where the outbreak initiated, using survey data collected between March 30 and June 3 of 2016. The target population were women aged 15-49 in the capital cities of the nine states of the Northeast region of Brazil. We find that more educated women were less likely to report suffering from Zika (or its symptoms) and more likely to report having taken precaution against Zika, such as having used long and light-colored clothes, having used mosquito repellent or insecticides, having used mosquito protective screens or kept windows closed, and having dumped standing water where mosquitoes can breed. In addition, more educated women were more likely to report being informed about the association between Zika and microcephaly and to avoid pregnancy in the last 12 months. Finally, we also find that women who reported experiencing sexual domestic violence in the last 12 months were more likely to report suffering from Zika.
在寨卡病毒疫情爆发期间，巴西卫生当局建议孕妇采取细致的预防措施以避免蚊虫叮咬，并建议所有女性采用避孕方法推迟怀孕。在本文中，我们利用2016年3月30日至6月3日收集的调查数据，呈现了对寨卡病毒发病率、相关因素及其在疫情首发地巴西东北部的预防行为的新估计。目标人群是巴西东北部九个州首府城市中年龄在15至49岁之间的女性。我们发现，受教育程度较高的女性报告感染寨卡病毒（或出现其症状）的可能性较小，且更有可能报告采取了预防寨卡病毒的措施，比如穿浅色长衣、使用驱蚊剂或杀虫剂、使用防蚊纱窗或关闭窗户，以及倒掉蚊子可能滋生的积水。此外，受教育程度较高的女性更有可能报告了解寨卡病毒与小头症之间的关联，并在过去12个月内避免怀孕。最后，我们还发现，在过去12个月内报告遭受性家庭暴力的女性感染寨卡病毒的可能性更大。
