Department of Pathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
Department of Pathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
Cancer Treat Rev. 2018 Jun;67:78-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.05.005. Epub 2018 May 16.
The estrogen receptor α (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PgR) are one of the most important prognostic and predictive immunohistochemical markers in breast cancer. Breast cancers may express various profiles of hormone receptors: ER(+)/PgR(+), ER(-)/PgR(-), ER(+)/PgR(-) and ER(-)/PgR(+). The existence of the latter profile is a matter of controversy since PgR expressions is induced by ER-dependent pathways in breast cancer cells. One of the most extensively propagated hypotheses trying to explain the origin of ER(-)/PgR(+) breast cancers claims that they are technical artifacts dependent on the immunohistochemical procedure. On the other hand, in recent years there is a growing body of evidence, suggesting that such cancers create a unique group with distinct molecular and clinical features. In the following review, we present background theories on the ER(-)/PgR(+) breast cancer origin and their epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics, including the predictive and prognostic significance of these rare tumors.
雌激素受体 α (ER) 和孕激素受体 (PgR) 是乳腺癌中最重要的预后和预测性免疫组化标志物之一。乳腺癌可能表达各种激素受体的不同谱：ER(+)/PgR(+), ER(-)/PgR(-), ER(+)/PgR(-)和 ER(-)/PgR(+)。后者的存在存在争议，因为 PgR 的表达是由乳腺癌细胞中 ER 依赖途径诱导的。试图解释 ER(-)/PgR(+)乳腺癌起源的最广泛传播的假说之一声称，它们是依赖于免疫组织化学程序的技术假象。另一方面，近年来有越来越多的证据表明，此类癌症形成了一个具有独特分子和临床特征的独特群体。在下面的综述中，我们介绍了 ER(-)/PgR(+)乳腺癌起源的背景理论及其流行病学和临床病理特征，包括这些罕见肿瘤的预测和预后意义。
