Assari Shervin
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Brain Sci. 2018 May 17;8(5):91. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8050091.
Less is known about the multiplicative effects of social and psychological risk and protective factors of suicidality on college campuses. The current study aimed to investigate the multiplicative effects of social (identifying oneself as gay/lesbian, financial difficulty, violence victimization, and religiosity) and psychological (anxiety, depression, problem alcohol use, drug use) and risk/protective factors on suicidal behaviors among college students in the United States. Using a cross-sectional design, the Healthy Mind Study (HMS; 2016⁻2017), is a national online survey of college students in the United States. Social (identifying oneself as gay/lesbian, violence victimization, financial difficulty, and religiosity) and psychological (anxiety, depression, problem alcohol use, and drug use) risk/protective factors were assessed among 27,961 individuals. Three aspects of suicidality, including ideation, plan, and attempt, were also assessed. Logistic regression models were used for data analysis. Financial difficulty, violence victimization, identifying oneself as gay/lesbian, anxiety, depression, and drug use increased, while religiosity reduced the odds of suicidal behaviors. Multiplicative effects were found between the following social and psychological risk factors: (1) financial difficulty and anxiety; (2) financial difficulty and depression; (3) depression and drug use; (4) problem alcohol use and drug use; and (5) depression and problem alcohol use. There is a considerable overlap in the social and psychological processes, such as financial stress, mood disorders, and substance use problems, on risk of suicide in college students. As social and psychological risk factors do not operate independently, comprehensive suicidal risk evaluations that simultaneously address multiple social and psychological risk factors may be superior to programs that only address a single risk factor.
关于大学校园自杀行为中社会和心理风险及保护因素的相乘效应，人们了解得较少。当前的研究旨在调查社会因素（将自己认定为同性恋、经济困难、遭受暴力侵害以及宗教信仰）、心理因素（焦虑、抑郁、酒精使用问题、药物使用）以及风险/保护因素对美国大学生自杀行为的相乘效应。采用横断面设计的“健康心灵研究”（HMS；2016 - 2017）是一项针对美国大学生的全国性在线调查。在27961名个体中评估了社会因素（将自己认定为同性恋、遭受暴力侵害、经济困难以及宗教信仰）和心理因素（焦虑、抑郁、酒精使用问题以及药物使用）等风险/保护因素。还评估了自杀行为的三个方面，包括自杀意念、自杀计划和自杀未遂。使用逻辑回归模型进行数据分析。经济困难、遭受暴力侵害、将自己认定为同性恋、焦虑、抑郁和药物使用会增加自杀行为的几率，而宗教信仰则会降低自杀行为的几率。在以下社会和心理风险因素之间发现了相乘效应：（1）经济困难和焦虑；（2）经济困难和抑郁；（3）抑郁和药物使用；（4）酒精使用问题和药物使用；（5）抑郁和酒精使用问题。在大学生自杀风险的社会和心理过程中，如经济压力、情绪障碍和物质使用问题，存在相当大的重叠。由于社会和心理风险因素并非独立起作用，同时考虑多个社会和心理风险因素的综合自杀风险评估可能优于仅针对单一风险因素的项目。
