1 Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
J Cutan Med Surg. 2018 Sep/Oct;22(5):479-483. doi: 10.1177/1203475418776945. Epub 2018 May 17.
Cutaneous infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) occur infrequently. Nonetheless, the incidence of NTM infections is reported to be increasing. In Canada, cutaneous NTM infections have not been well described.
A database review from 2006 to 2016 was done to assess species frequency, incidence, and trends of the most common cutaneous NTMs in the province of Alberta, Canada. We also reviewed major diagnostic and epidemiologic aspects of NTM cutaneous infections with a focus on Mycobacterium marinum.
A database search identified 244 cases of NTM infections. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex had the highest incidence, causing 64% of cases. Rapid growers ( Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium fortuitum) caused 23% and M marinum 13%. Information on infection site was available for 117 cases. There was no difference noted in sex distribution; however, differences in age groups between species were noted.
The incidence of NTM cutaneous infections in Alberta, Canada, was reported for the first time and the incidence of M marinum was found to be similar to that reported in the worldwide literature. Patients' age groups were different between species. Knowledge of the unique microbiological features of NTMs and the role of the diagnostic laboratory are important.
非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）引起的皮肤感染并不常见。然而，据报道，NTM 感染的发病率正在上升。在加拿大，皮肤 NTM 感染尚未得到很好的描述。
对 2006 年至 2016 年的数据库进行回顾，评估加拿大艾伯塔省最常见的皮肤 NTM 的种属频率、发病率和趋势。我们还回顾了 NTM 皮肤感染的主要诊断和流行病学方面，重点关注海分枝杆菌。
数据库搜索确定了 244 例 NTM 感染。鸟分枝杆菌复合群的发病率最高，占 64%。快速生长分枝杆菌（脓肿分枝杆菌、溃疡分枝杆菌、偶然分枝杆菌）占 23%，海分枝杆菌占 13%。有 117 例可获得感染部位信息。性别分布无差异，但种属之间的年龄组差异明显。
首次报告了加拿大艾伯塔省 NTM 皮肤感染的发病率，海分枝杆菌的发病率与世界范围内的文献报道相似。不同种属患者的年龄组不同。了解 NTM 的独特微生物学特征和诊断实验室的作用非常重要。
