Koop-Jakobsen Ketil, Mueller Peter, Meier Robert J, Liebsch Gregor, Jensen Kai
MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Applied Plant Ecology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Front Plant Sci. 2018 May 3;9:541. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00541. eCollection 2018.
In many wetland plants, belowground transport of O via aerenchyma tissue and subsequent O loss across root surfaces generates small oxic root zones at depth in the rhizosphere with important consequences for carbon and nutrient cycling. This study demonstrates how roots of the intertidal salt-marsh plant affect not only O, but also pH and CO dynamics, resulting in distinct gradients of O, pH, and CO in the rhizosphere. A novel planar optode system (VisiSens TD, PreSens GmbH) was used for taking high-resolution 2D-images of the O, pH, and CO distribution around roots during alternating light-dark cycles. Belowground sediment oxygenation was detected in the immediate vicinity of the roots, resulting in oxic root zones with a 1.7 mm radius from the root surface. CO accumulated around the roots, reaching a concentration up to threefold higher than the background concentration, and generally affected a larger area within a radius of 12.6 mm from the root surface. This contributed to a lowering of pH by 0.6 units around the roots. The O, pH, and CO distribution was recorded on the same individual roots over diurnal light cycles in order to investigate the interlinkage between sediment oxygenation and CO and pH patterns. In the rhizosphere, oxic root zones showed higher oxygen concentrations during illumination of the aboveground biomass. In darkness, intraspecific differences were observed, where some plants maintained oxic root zones in darkness, while others did not. However, the temporal variation in sediment oxygenation was not reflected in the temporal variations of pH and CO around the roots, which were unaffected by changing light conditions at all times. This demonstrates that plant-mediated sediment oxygenation fueling microbial decomposition and chemical oxidation has limited impact on the dynamics of pH and CO in rhizospheres, which may in turn be controlled by other processes such as root respiration and root exudation.
在许多湿地植物中,氧气通过通气组织进行地下运输,随后在根表面损失,从而在根际深处形成小的有氧根区,这对碳和养分循环具有重要影响。本研究表明,潮间带盐沼植物的根不仅影响氧气,还影响pH值和二氧化碳动态,导致根际中氧气、pH值和二氧化碳形成明显的梯度。一种新型平面光极系统(VisiSens TD,PreSens GmbH)用于在明暗交替周期中获取根周围氧气、pH值和二氧化碳分布的高分辨率二维图像。在根的紧邻区域检测到地下沉积物的氧合作用,形成了距根表面半径为1.7毫米的有氧根区。二氧化碳在根周围积累,浓度达到比背景浓度高三倍,并且通常影响距根表面半径为12.6毫米范围内的更大区域。这导致根周围的pH值降低了0.6个单位。在昼夜光照周期中,在同一根个体上记录氧气、pH值和二氧化碳分布,以研究沉积物氧合作用与二氧化碳和pH值模式之间的相互联系。在根际,地上生物量光照期间,有氧根区显示出较高的氧气浓度。在黑暗中,观察到种内差异,一些植物在黑暗中保持有氧根区,而另一些则没有。然而,沉积物氧合作用的时间变化并未反映在根周围pH值和二氧化碳的时间变化中,根周围的pH值和二氧化碳不受光照条件变化的影响。这表明植物介导的沉积物氧合作用促进微生物分解和化学氧化对根际pH值和二氧化碳动态的影响有限,而根际pH值和二氧化碳动态可能反过来受其他过程控制,如根系呼吸和根系分泌物。