Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Eur Psychiatry. 2018 Aug;52:104-112. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.04.006. Epub 2018 May 25.
Restriction of access to suicide methods has been shown to effectively reduce suicide mortality rates.
To examine how the global economic crisis of 2008 and the firearm legislation reform of 1997 affected suicide and homicide mortality rate within Austria.
Official data for the years 1985-2016 for firearm certificates, suicide, homicide, unemployment rates and alcohol consumption were examined using auto regressive error and Poisson regression models.
Firearm certificates, total suicide mortality rate, suicide and homicides by firearms, and the fraction of firearm suicides/homicides among all suicides/homicides decreased after the firearm legislation reform in 1997. However, significant trend changes can be observed after 2008. The availability of firearm certificates significantly increased and was accompanied by significant changes in trends of firearm suicide and homicide rates. Concurrently, the total suicide mortality rate in 2008, for the first time since 1985, stopped its decreasing trend. While the total homicide rate further decreased, the fraction of firearm homicides among all homicides significantly increased.
The initially preventative effect of the firearm legislation reform in Austria in 1997 seems to have been counteracted by the global economic downturn of 2008. Increased firearm availability was associated with corresponding increases in both firearm suicide and firearm homicide mortality. Restrictive firearm legislation should be an imperative part of a country's suicide prevention programme. Although firearm legislation reform may have long-lasting effects, societal changes may facilitate compensatory firearm acquisitions and thus counteract preventive efforts, calling in turn again for adapted counter-measures.
限制自杀方法的获取已被证明能有效降低自杀死亡率。
研究 2008 年全球经济危机和 1997 年枪支立法改革如何影响奥地利的自杀和杀人死亡率。
使用自回归误差和泊松回归模型，对 1985 年至 2016 年的枪支许可证、自杀、杀人、失业率和酒精消费的官方数据进行了研究。
1997 年枪支立法改革后，枪支许可证、总自杀死亡率、自杀和枪支杀人、以及所有自杀和杀人事件中枪支自杀和杀人的比例均有所下降。然而，2008 年后可以观察到显著的趋势变化。枪支许可证的发放量显著增加，同时枪支自杀和杀人率的趋势也发生了显著变化。2008 年，总自杀死亡率自 1985 年以来首次停止下降趋势。尽管总杀人率进一步下降，但所有杀人事件中枪支杀人的比例显著增加。
奥地利 1997 年枪支立法改革的最初预防效果似乎被 2008 年全球经济衰退所抵消。枪支供应的增加与枪支自杀和杀人死亡率的相应增加有关。限制枪支立法应该是一个国家自杀预防计划的必要组成部分。尽管枪支立法改革可能具有长期影响，但社会变化可能会促进补偿性枪支收购，从而抵消预防工作的效果，从而再次需要采取相应的对策。
