Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Environmental Chemistry and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, United States.
Environ Int. 2018 Aug;117:276-283. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.018. Epub 2018 May 16.
Substantial increase in level of particulate matter has raised concerns in South Korea recently. Ambient particulate matter is classified as Group I carcinogen (IARC, 2013) and multiple epidemiological studies has demonstrated adverse health effects due to exposure of particulate matter. Fine particulate matter (PM) which has a diameter <2.5 μm is likely to penetrate deeply into lung and is known to be eliciting adverse health effects. A number of epidemiological studies have been conducted on adverse health effects of PM-related diseases and mortality rate, yet particulate matter (PM)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity at the cellular level has not been actively studied in Korea. This study assessed PM-induced oxidative potential by exposure of collected ambient PM samples to the rat alveolar macrophage cell line. The characteristics of PM in Korea were further characterized by linking chemical constituents and contributing sources to ROS. PM mass concentration during the cold season was relatively higher than mass concentration during the warm season and chemical constituents except for Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC) and SO which both showed similar trends in both the cold and cold seasons. The concentration of crustal elements was especially high during the cold season which can be an indication of long range transport of Asian dust. Water soluble organic carbon and water soluble transition metals (Cr and Zn) were also shown to be correlated to oxidative potential and metals such as As and V were shown to have a high contribution to ROS activity according to stepwise multiple linear regression. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results identified six factors that can be interpreted as soil, mobile, industry, secondary inorganic aerosol, secondary organic aerosol and oil combustion. Moreover, through Principal Component Regression (PCR), industry, soil, mobile and SIA were shown to be statistically significant sources in a relation to ROS activity.
近年来，韩国对颗粒物水平的大幅上升表示关注。环境颗粒物被归类为 I 类致癌物（IARC，2013 年），多项流行病学研究表明，颗粒物暴露会对健康造成不良影响。直径<2.5μm 的细颗粒物（PM）很可能深入肺部，并被认为会引发不良健康影响。已经进行了许多关于与 PM 相关的疾病和死亡率的不良健康影响的流行病学研究，但韩国尚未积极研究颗粒物（PM）诱导的活性氧（ROS）在细胞水平上的活性。本研究通过将收集到的环境 PM 样本暴露于大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞系来评估 PM 诱导的氧化潜力。通过将化学组成与 ROS 的贡献源联系起来，进一步表征了韩国 PM 的特征。冷季的 PM 质量浓度相对高于暖季，除二次有机碳（SOC）和 SO 外，其他化学组成在冷季和暖季均表现出相似的趋势。冷季地壳元素的浓度特别高，这可能表明亚洲沙尘的长距离传输。水溶性有机碳和水溶性过渡金属（Cr 和 Zn）也与氧化潜力相关，根据逐步多元线性回归，As 和 V 等金属被证明对 ROS 活性有很大贡献。主成分分析（PCA）结果确定了可以解释为土壤、移动源、工业、二次无机气溶胶、二次有机气溶胶和燃油燃烧的六个因子。此外，通过主成分回归（PCR），工业、土壤、移动源和 SIA 被证明与 ROS 活性有关，具有统计学意义。
