Zhao Ziyi, Tian Jie, Zhang Wenyan, Zhang Qian, Wu Zhichun, Xing Yan, Li Fei, Song Xinyu, Li Zhihua
Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
Toxics. 2023 Aug 7;11(8):676. doi: 10.3390/toxics11080676.
Urban fugitive dust is a significant contributor to atmospheric PM and a potential risk to humans. In 2019, both road dust and construction dust were collected from four cities, including Xi'an, Xianyang, Baoji, and Tongchuan, in Guanzhong Plain, China. Elements, water-soluble ions, and carbonaceous fractions were determined to establish the chemical source profile. High enrichment degrees of Se, Sc, Cl, and Zn in both road dust and construction dust indicated that the industrial system and energy consumption influenced Guanzhong Plain strongly. According to the coefficient of divergence, the two datasets within Xianyang and Tongchuan were similar. Combined with the chemical profile, road dust was affected by more stationary emission sources than construction dust in Xi'an, while biomass burning and vehicle exhaust contributed more to road dust than construction dust in Baoji. Moreover, the health risk of heavy metal was assessed, and corresponding influencing factors were identified. Road dust in all cities showed a non-negligible non-carcinogenic risk for children. Ingestion and inhalation were the main exposure pathways to which As and Co contributed the most, respectively. The land-use regression model revealed that the first-class road in a 100 m radius impacted all high-risk level metals, and the commercial building material and enterprises weakly influenced Co and Pb, respectively.
城市扬尘是大气颗粒物的重要来源，对人类存在潜在风险。2019年，在中国关中平原的西安、咸阳、宝鸡和铜川四个城市采集了道路扬尘和建筑扬尘。测定了元素、水溶性离子和碳质组分，以建立化学源谱。道路扬尘和建筑扬尘中硒、钪、氯和锌的高富集程度表明，工业体系和能源消耗对关中平原影响强烈。根据离散系数，咸阳和铜川的两组数据相似。结合化学特征，西安道路扬尘受固定排放源影响比建筑扬尘更大，而宝鸡生物质燃烧和汽车尾气对道路扬尘的贡献比建筑扬尘更大。此外，评估了重金属的健康风险，并确定了相应影响因素。所有城市的道路扬尘对儿童均显示出不可忽视的非致癌风险。摄入和吸入分别是砷和钴贡献最大的主要暴露途径。土地利用回归模型显示，半径100米内的一级道路对所有高风险水平金属均有影响，商业建筑材料和企业分别对钴和铅有微弱影响。
