Waddington Achatz Rafaela, Silva Guimarães Danilo
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2018 Dec;52(4):595-613. doi: 10.1007/s12124-018-9431-0.
In this article, we identify usual difficulties faced by Brazilian psychologists when dealing with Amerindian Peoples, concerning the systematic violence experienced by those Peoples, who have been suffering and fighting against a process of genocide and ethnocide. To identify those difficulties, we analysed speeches of Amerindian leaders of the State of São Paulo - Guarani Mbya, Pankararu, Xavante, Baniwa, Tupi - Guarani, Terena, Kaingang and Krenak - which were addressed to psychologists. Those speeches were delivered in events promoted by CRP-SP in 2010 and in the 2nd and 3rd Forums "The Amerindian presence in São Paulo" at the Institute of Psychology (USP), in 2014. From the analysis, we make a distinction between the notions of meeting and dialogical encounter, considering that: 1. not every meeting is an encounter, in the dialogical sense, because the meeting can happen in a way that one of the interlocutors is objectified by the other and 2. being together and building an affective ground is an a priori for the dialogical encounter to happen. Based on the leaderships` speeches and in the notions of Amerindian perspectivism and the phenomenology of alterity in Cultural Psychology, we propose alternative paths to understand constitutive aspects of a dialogical meeting in such interethnic situation. These reflections are proposed as a theoretic-empirical work, as it departs from the comprehension that the theoretical problems are not separated from the concrete situation that enables them to emerge.
在本文中，我们指出了巴西心理学家在与美洲印第安人打交道时通常面临的困难，这些困难涉及到这些民族所经历的系统性暴力，他们一直在遭受并反抗种族灭绝和文化灭绝的进程。为了确定这些困难，我们分析了圣保罗州美洲印第安领导人——瓜拉尼·姆比亚、潘卡拉鲁、哈万特、巴尼瓦、图皮-瓜拉尼、特雷纳、卡因冈和克雷纳克——对心理学家发表的讲话。这些讲话是在2010年由圣保罗州心理康复中心举办的活动以及2014年在圣保罗大学心理研究所举行的第二届和第三届“圣保罗的美洲印第安人存在”论坛上发表的。通过分析，我们区分了会面和对话性相遇的概念，原因如下：1. 并非每次会面都是对话意义上的相遇，因为会面可能以一种对话者之一被另一方客体化的方式发生；2. 在一起并建立情感基础是对话性相遇发生的先决条件。基于这些领导人的讲话以及美洲印第安视角主义和文化心理学中他者现象学的概念，我们提出了理解这种族际情境中对话性会面构成要素的替代路径。这些思考被作为一项理论-实证研究提出，因为它基于这样一种理解，即理论问题与使其得以出现的具体情境并非相互分离。
