Psychology, Federal University of Parnaíba's Delta - UFDPAR, Parnaíba, Brazil.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2020 Jun;32(4):320-326. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2020.1765747. Epub 2020 Jul 1.
Inspired by Amerindian peoples' philosophy, this article aims to problematise the modern philosophical anthropology that underlies psychology as a social practice, and to use the Amerindian perspectivist philosophy proposed by Viveiros de Castro as a critique of Western values. Thus, we approach some of coloniality's epistemological implications in the institution of subject-object and nature-culture separations that grounds psychology. On the one hand, there is a totalising unification, which operates alongside a transcendental subject that subjugates its object. Beginning from nature's homogeneity, the differentiation and hierarchy of each being depends on its representations or its soul, expressed as a people's culture or as an individual psychology. This spiritual-representational aspect is the very foundation of the colonialism and racism of damnation, and their purpose in perpetuating the miserable ways of life of those considered to be scum. On the other hand, in Amerindian cosmogony, humanity is a pronominal mode, a non-exclusive perspectivist position of mankind, built in each context of relations. It is based on this idea that we posit other bases and a new agenda for psychology as a social practice which can enable us to broaden our ways of living towards care, as a way of resistance to coloniality.
受美洲印第安人哲学的启发，本文旨在对作为社会实践的心理学所基于的现代哲学人类学提出质疑，并使用 Viveiros de Castro 提出的美洲印第安相对主义哲学对西方价值观进行批判。因此，我们探讨了一些殖民主义在主体-客体和自然-文化分离的认识论含义，这些分离是心理学的基础。一方面，存在一种整体统一，它与一个支配其客体的先验主体一起运作。从自然的同质性出发，每个存在的分化和等级取决于它的表现或它的灵魂，表现为一个民族的文化或个体的心理学。这种精神表现方面是谴责、种族主义和殖民主义的基础，其目的是使被认为是社会渣滓的人的悲惨生活方式永久化。另一方面，在美洲印第安人的宇宙论中，人类是一种代词模式，是人类的一种非排他性的相对主义立场，存在于每一种关系的背景中。正是基于这个观点，我们为作为社会实践的心理学提出了其他的基础和新的议程，这可以使我们拓宽我们的生活方式，走向关怀，作为对殖民主义的一种抵抗方式。
