心理咨询、心理和社会服务人员配备：美国学区政策。

Counseling, Psychological, and Social Services Staffing: Policies in U.S. School Districts.

机构信息

Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland.

出版信息

Am J Prev Med. 2018 Jun;54(6 Suppl 3):S215-S219. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.031.

DOI:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.031

PMID:29779545

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7075633/

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Schools are in a unique position to meet the mental and behavioral health needs of children and adolescents because approximately 95% of young people aged 7-17 years attend school. Little is known, however, about policies related to counseling, psychological, and social services staffing in school districts. This study analyzed the prevalence of such policies in public school districts in the U.S.

METHODS

Data from four cycles (2000, 2006, 2012, and 2016) of the School Health Policies and Practices Study, a national survey periodically conducted to assess policies and practices for ten components of school health, were analyzed in 2017. The survey collected data related to counseling, psychological, and social services among nationally representative samples of school districts using online or mailed questionnaires. Sampled districts identified respondents responsible for or most knowledgeable about the content of each questionnaire.

RESULTS

The percentage of districts with a district-level counseling, psychological, and social services coordinator increased significantly from 62.6% in 2000 to 79.5% in 2016. In 2016, 56.3% of districts required each school to have someone to coordinate counseling, psychological, and social services at the school. Fewer districts required schools at each level to have a specified ratio of counselors to students (16.2% for elementary schools, 16.8% for middle schools, and 19.8% for high schools), and the percentage of districts with these requirements has decreased significantly since 2012.

CONCLUSIONS

Increases in the prevalence of district-level staffing policies could help increase the quantity and quality of counseling, psychological, and social services staff in schools nationwide, which in turn could improve mental and behavioral health outcomes for students.

SUPPLEMENT INFORMATION

This article is part of a supplement entitled The Behavioral Health Workforce: Planning, Practice, and Preparation, which is sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and the Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

摘要

简介

学校在满足儿童和青少年的心理和行为健康需求方面具有独特的地位，因为大约 95%的 7-17 岁年轻人都在上学。然而，人们对学区咨询、心理和社会服务人员配备相关政策知之甚少。本研究分析了美国公立学区此类政策的流行情况。

方法

2017 年分析了“学校健康政策和实践研究”（School Health Policies and Practices Study）四个周期（2000 年、2006 年、2012 年和 2016 年）的数据，该研究是一项定期进行的全国性调查，旨在评估学校健康十个组成部分的政策和实践。该调查使用在线或邮寄问卷，从全国代表性的学区样本中收集与咨询、心理和社会服务相关的数据。抽样学区确定负责或最了解每个问卷内容的受访者。

结果

从 2000 年的 62.6%到 2016 年的 79.5%，有学区一级咨询、心理和社会服务协调员的学区比例显著增加。2016 年，56.3%的学区要求每所学校都要有一名协调员负责学校的咨询、心理和社会服务工作。要求各级学校按规定的辅导员与学生比例配备辅导员的学区较少（小学 16.2%，中学 16.8%，高中 19.8%），自 2012 年以来，这些要求的学区比例显著下降。