Stark Eloise A, Vuust Peter, Kringelbach Morten L
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Prog Brain Res. 2018;237:129-152. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.03.019. Epub 2018 May 9.
For Aristotle, the goal of human life was to live well, to flourish, and to ultimately have a good life. These goals can be conceptualized as "eudaimonia," a concept distinct from "hedonia" (pleasure). Many people would argue that the arts play a large role in their well-being and eudaimonia. Music in particular is a culturally ubiquitous phenomenon which brings joy and social bonding to listeners. Research has given insights into how the "sweet anticipation" of music and other art forms can lead to pleasure, but a full understanding of eudaimonia from the arts is still missing. What is clear is that anticipation and prediction are important for extracting meaning from our environment. In fleeting moments this may translate into pleasure, but over longer timescales, it can imbue life with meaning and purpose and lead to eudaimonia. Based on the existing evidence from neuroimaging, we hypothesize that a special network in the brain, the default-mode network, may play a central role in orchestrating eudaimonia, and propose future strategies for exploring these questions further.
对亚里士多德而言，人类生活的目标是生活得美好、繁荣昌盛，并最终拥有美好的人生。这些目标可以被概念化为“幸福”，这是一个与“快乐”（愉悦）不同的概念。许多人会认为艺术在他们的幸福和美好生活中起着很大的作用。音乐尤其如此，它是一种在文化上无处不在的现象，能给听众带来欢乐和社会联系。研究已经深入探讨了音乐和其他艺术形式的“甜蜜期待”如何能带来愉悦，但对艺术所带来的幸福的全面理解仍然缺失。清楚的是，期待和预测对于从我们的环境中提取意义很重要。在短暂的时刻，这可能转化为愉悦，但在更长的时间尺度上，它可以赋予生命意义和目的，并带来幸福。基于神经成像的现有证据，我们假设大脑中的一个特殊网络——默认模式网络，可能在协调幸福方面发挥核心作用，并提出了进一步探索这些问题的未来策略。
