性别刻板印象刺激对老年人心理旋转表现的影响。
Influence of sex-stereotyped stimuli on the mental-rotation performance of elderly persons.
作者信息
Rahe Martina, Ruthsatz Vera, Jansen Petra, Quaiser-Pohl Claudia
机构信息
a Institute of Psychology , University of Koblenz-Landau , Koblenz , Germany.
b Institute of Sport Science , University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany.
出版信息
Exp Aging Res. 2018 Jul-Sep;44(4):284-296. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2018.1475156. Epub 2018 May 21.
BACKGROUND
In mental-rotation tests with cube figures as rotational objects, differences in favor of men are often found (Voyer, Voyer, & Bryden, 1995). Mental-rotation performance often declines with age (Jacewicz & Hartley, 1987), but sex differences usually remain (Herman & Bruce, 1983).
METHODS
In this study, male- and female-stereotyped objects were used as rotational stimuli in a mental-rotation paper and pencil test (Ruthsatz, Neuburger, Rahe, Jansen, & Quaiser-Pohl, 2017) for elderly participants (age: 57-88 years).
RESULTS
Overall, no sex differences for mental-rotation performance were found, whereas a significant interaction of sex and stimulus material revealed better performance for own-sex objects (η = .070). A significant negative correlation between mental-rotation performance and age could be found (r = -.384).
CONCLUSIONS
It seems to be easier to perform mental-rotation with objects that persons are more familiar with. There is a decrease in mental-rotation accuracy as well as in the processing speed for the older participants.
背景
在以立方体图形为旋转对象的心理旋转测试中，常发现男性占优势（沃耶、沃耶与布赖登，1995年）。心理旋转表现通常会随着年龄下降（亚采维茨与哈特利，1987年），但性别差异通常依然存在（赫尔曼与布鲁斯，1983年）。
方法
在本研究中，男性和女性刻板印象的物体被用作心理旋转纸笔测试（鲁特扎茨、纽伯格、拉厄、扬森与奎泽尔-波尔，2017年）中的旋转刺激物，测试对象为老年参与者（年龄：57 - 88岁）。
结果
总体而言，未发现心理旋转表现存在性别差异，而性别与刺激材料之间的显著交互作用表明，对同性别的物体表现更佳（η = .070）。心理旋转表现与年龄之间存在显著负相关（r = -.384）。
结论
对于人们更熟悉的物体进行心理旋转似乎更容易。老年参与者的心理旋转准确性以及处理速度均有所下降。
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