Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Pediatrics. 2018 Jun;141(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-3872. Epub 2018 May 21.
: media-1vid110.1542/5754332180001PEDS-VA_2017-3872 OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics and trends of exposures to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications among individuals 0 to 19 years old reported to US poison control centers.
National Poison Data System data from 2000 through 2014 were retrospectively analyzed to examine pediatric ADHD medication exposures.
From 2000 through 2014, there were 156 365 exposures reported to US poison control centers related to ADHD medications. The overall rate of reported exposures increased 71.2% from 2000 to 2011, followed by a 6.2% decrease from 2011 to 2014. Three-fourths (76.0%) of exposures involved children ≤12 years old. Methylphenidate and amphetamine medications accounted for 46.2% and 44.5% of exposures, respectively. The most common reason for exposure was therapeutic error (41.6%). Intentional medication exposures (including suspected suicide and medication abuse and/or misuse) were reported most often among adolescents (13-19 years old), accounting for 50.2% of exposures in this age group. Overall, the majority of exposed individuals (60.4%) did not receive health care facility treatment; however, 6.2% were admitted to a hospital for medical treatment, and there were 3 deaths. The increasing number and rate of reported ADHD medication exposures during the study period is consistent with increasing trends in ADHD diagnosis and medication prescribing. Exposures associated with suspected suicide or medication abuse and/or misuse among adolescents are of particular concern.
Unintentional and intentional pediatric exposures to ADHD medications are an increasing problem in the United States, affecting children of all ages.
描述在报告给美国中毒控制中心的 0 至 19 岁人群中，注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 药物暴露的特征和趋势。
对 2000 年至 2014 年国家中毒数据系统的数据进行回顾性分析，以检查儿科 ADHD 药物暴露情况。
2000 年至 2014 年，报告给美国中毒控制中心的 ADHD 药物暴露事件共有 156365 例。报告暴露事件的总体发生率从 2000 年到 2011 年增加了 71.2%，随后在 2011 年到 2014 年期间下降了 6.2%。四分之三（76.0%）的暴露事件涉及 12 岁以下儿童。哌甲酯和安非他命药物分别占暴露事件的 46.2%和 44.5%。暴露的最常见原因是治疗错误（41.6%）。故意药物暴露（包括疑似自杀、药物滥用和/或误用）在青少年（13-19 岁）中报告最多，占该年龄组暴露的 50.2%。总体而言，大多数暴露个体（60.4%）未接受医疗机构治疗；然而，6.2%的人因医疗需要住院治疗，并有 3 人死亡。在研究期间，报告的 ADHD 药物暴露数量和比例不断增加，与 ADHD 诊断和药物处方的增加趋势一致。与青少年疑似自杀或药物滥用和/或误用相关的暴露尤其令人关注。
在美国，ADHD 药物的非故意和故意儿科暴露是一个日益严重的问题，影响到所有年龄段的儿童。
