Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018 Aug;72(8):1120-1127. doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0176-0. Epub 2018 May 22.
We aimed to test the difference between estimates of dietary sodium intake using 24-h diet recall and spot urine collection in a large sample of New Zealand adults.
We analysed spot urine results, 24-h diet recall, dietary habits questionnaire and anthropometry from a representative sample of 3312 adults aged 15 years and older who participated in the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey. Estimates of adult population sodium intake were derived from 24-h diet recall and spot urine sodium using a formula derived from analysis of INTERSALT data. Correlations, limits of agreement and mean difference were calculated for the total sample, and for population subgroups.
Estimated total population 24-h urinary sodium excretion (mean (95% CI)) from spot urine samples was 3035 mg (2990, 3079); 3612 mg (3549, 3674) for men and 2507 mg (2466, 2548) for women. Estimated mean usual daily sodium intake from 24-h diet recall data (excluding salt added at the table) was 2564 mg (2519, 2608); 2849 mg (2779, 2920) for men and 2304 mg (2258, 2350) for women. Correlations between estimates were poor, especially for men, and limits of agreement using Bland-Altman mean difference analysis were wide.
There is a poor agreement between estimates of individual sodium intake from spot urine collection and those from 24-hour diet recall. Although, both 24-hour dietary recall and estimated urinary excretion based on spot urine indicate mean population sodium intake is greater than 2 g, significant differences in mean intake by method deserve further investigation in relation to the gold standard, 24-hour urinary sodium excretion.
本研究旨在检验在新西兰成年人的大样本中，使用 24 小时膳食回顾和点尿收集来估计膳食钠摄入量的差异。
我们分析了来自 2008/09 年新西兰成人营养调查的 3312 名年龄在 15 岁及以上的代表性成年人的点尿结果、24 小时膳食回顾、饮食习惯问卷和人体测量数据。使用从 INTERSALT 数据分析得出的公式，从 24 小时膳食回顾和点尿钠中得出成年人钠摄入量的估计值。计算了总样本和人群亚组的相关性、一致性界限和平均差异。
从点尿样本中估计的总人口 24 小时尿钠排泄量（平均值（95%CI））为 3035mg（2990，3079）；男性为 3612mg（3549，3674），女性为 2507mg（2466，2548）。从 24 小时膳食回顾数据（不包括餐桌上添加的盐）中估计的平均日常钠摄入量（不包括盐）为 2564mg（2519，2608）；男性为 2849mg（2779，2920），女性为 2304mg（2258，2350）。估计值之间的相关性较差，尤其是对于男性，Bland-Altman 平均差异分析的一致性界限较宽。
从点尿收集和 24 小时膳食回顾中估计个体钠摄入量之间的一致性较差。尽管 24 小时膳食回顾和基于点尿的估计尿排泄均表明人群平均钠摄入量大于 2g，但方法之间的平均摄入量差异值得进一步调查，以与 24 小时尿钠排泄这一金标准进行比较。
