Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech UHSC, El Paso, TX, United States.
Duke University, Department of Biostatistics, Durham, NC, United States.
Injury. 2018 Jul;49(7):1358-1364. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.05.008. Epub 2018 May 17.
The United States-Mexico border is perceived as dangerous by the media and current political leaders. Hispanic ethnicity, low socioeconomic status, male gender and adolescent age have previously been identified as risk factors for penetrating trauma (PT).
A retrospective review of PT was performed in a border region. Children 0-17 years old, admitted to the region's only level I trauma center between 2001 and 2016 were included. Standardized morbidity ratio was used to compare observed to expected morbidity.
There were 417 PT admissions. 197 (47%) were non-accidental, 34 (8%) suicide attempts and 186 (45%) accidental. There were 12 homicides, 7 suicides and no accidental deaths. The region contains over 280,000 children, thus yielding a homicide rate of 0.26 per 100,000. The U.S. pediatric homicide rate was 2.6-4.0 over this period. Adolescents 13-17 years old accounted for 237 (57%) admissions, 152 (78%) of non-accidental admissions and 12 (63%) deaths. Most admissions (N = 321, 77%) and 15 of the deaths (79%) were males. Non-accidental injuries were more frequent in ZIP codes associated with low incomes. Hispanic patients accounted for 173 (88%) of non-accidental trauma. However, 40 (20%) non-accidental injuries occurred in Mexico and 157 (80%) injuries occurred in an 82% Hispanic region. Therefore, the standardized morbidity ratio for Hispanic ethnicity was 1.048 (CL 0.8-1.2, P = 0.6).
On the United States-Mexico border, the pediatric homicide rate was less than 1/10 the national average. Male adolescents are at risk for non-accidental PT. In a Hispanic majority population, Hispanic ethnicity was not a risk factor for PT. It is possible that economic disparity, rather than race/ethnicity, is a risk factor for PT.
美墨边境被媒体和当前的政治领导人视为危险之地。西班牙裔、低社会经济地位、男性和青少年是穿透性创伤（PT）的先前确定的风险因素。
在边境地区进行了穿透性创伤的回顾性研究。纳入 2001 年至 2016 年间该地区唯一的一级创伤中心收治的 0-17 岁儿童。使用标准化发病率比比较观察发病率与预期发病率。
共收治 417 例穿透性创伤。197 例（47%）为非意外伤害，34 例（8%）为自杀企图，186 例（45%）为意外伤害。有 12 例凶杀，7 例自杀，无意外死亡。该地区有超过 280,000 名儿童，因此凶杀率为每 100,000 人 0.26 人。在此期间，美国儿科凶杀率为 2.6-4.0。13-17 岁的青少年占 237 例（57%）住院，152 例（78%）为非意外伤害，12 例（63%）死亡。大多数住院患者（N=321，77%）和 15 例死亡（79%）为男性。非意外伤害多见于与低收入相关的邮政编码地区。西班牙裔患者占 173 例（88%）非意外伤害。然而，40 例（20%）非意外伤害发生在墨西哥，157 例（80%）发生在西班牙裔占 82%的地区。因此，西班牙裔的标准化发病率比为 1.048（CL 0.8-1.2，P=0.6）。
在美国-墨西哥边境，儿科凶杀率不到全国平均水平的 1/10。男青少年易发生非意外伤害性穿透性创伤。在西班牙裔占多数的人群中，西班牙裔不是穿透性创伤的危险因素。经济差距而不是种族/民族，可能是穿透性创伤的危险因素。
