Agnihotri Neha S, Astekar Madhusudan
Jaipur Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India (University Affiliation: Maharaj Vinayak Global University, Jaipur, India).
Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly-243006, Uttar Pradesh, India (University Affiliation: MJP Rohilkhand University, India).
J Exp Ther Oncol. 2018 May;12(3):171-184.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck regions and accounts for more than 90% of cancers in the oral cavity. The angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and epithelial mesenchymal transition are known to be pivotal for tumor progression and metastasis. In the last decade, much data has been generated concerning the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and its significance in pathological conditions. The main angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors have been identified as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), forkhead box (FOX) C2 while vascular endothelial growth factor C/D (VEGF-C/D), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3), Prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1), LYVE-1, podoplanin, Tie/Angioprotein (Ang) 2 and EphrinB2 respectively. PROX1 is a mammalian homologue of Drosophilia homeobox protein, prospero and important for the embryonic development of many mammalian tissues. It has been suggested that it plays various tissue dependent functional roles, which reflects both oncogenic potential and a tumor suppressive role. The exact role in OSCC remains controversial. FOXC2 is a transcription factor belongs to large family of protein, forkhead box. It has been shown to be involved in cancer angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis through its induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition while its significance in OSCC remains unknown. Based on these data, this article reviews the role of novel prognostic factors PROX1 and FOXC2 in carcinogenesis of OSCC so that they might be considered as an attractive therapeutic target for both tumor associated blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and tumor cells.
口腔鳞状细胞癌是头颈部最常见的恶性肿瘤，占口腔癌的90%以上。已知血管生成、淋巴管生成和上皮-间质转化对肿瘤进展和转移至关重要。在过去十年中，已经产生了许多关于血管生成、淋巴管生成的分子机制及其在病理状况中的意义的数据。主要的血管生成和淋巴管生成因子已被确定为血管内皮生长因子A（VEGF-A）、血管内皮生长因子受体2（VEGFR-2）、叉头框（FOX）C2，而血管内皮生长因子C/D（VEGF-C/D）、血管内皮生长因子受体3（VEGFR-3）、同源异形盒蛋白1（PROX1）、淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1（LYVE-1）、血小板源性生长因子受体β（podoplanin）、酪氨酸激酶/血管生成素（Ang）2和 EphrinB2。PROX1是果蝇同源异形盒蛋白prospero的哺乳动物同源物，对许多哺乳动物组织的胚胎发育很重要。有人认为它发挥着各种组织依赖性的功能作用，这既反映了致癌潜力，也反映了肿瘤抑制作用。其在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的确切作用仍存在争议。FOXC2是一种转录因子，属于叉头框蛋白大家族。已表明它通过诱导上皮-间质转化参与癌症血管生成、增殖和转移，但其在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的意义尚不清楚。基于这些数据，本文综述了新型预后因子PROX1和FOXC2在口腔鳞状细胞癌发生中的作用，以便它们可能被视为肿瘤相关血管、淋巴管和肿瘤细胞的有吸引力的治疗靶点。
