Panaiotova J, Nikolov A
Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 2016;55(5):41-52.
The placenta has a fundamental role for fetal growth and health throughout pregnancy. Normal placental function is essential for a healthy pregnancy outcome. A complete ultrasound survey at any stage of the pregnancy should include full assessment of the fetus and placenta. Timely detection of placental abnormalities cbn give the clinician the opportunity to make important management decisions. The primary aim is healthy pregnancy outcome. Prenatal diagnosis and correct obstetric managment reduce fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Familiarity with the normal and abnormal imaging appearance of the placenta is therefore necessary for the obstetrician. Despite the fundamental role of the placenta for the pregnancy outcome, ultrasound examination of the placenta is often considered secondary to the fetus. Location, size, shape and architecture are easily ascertained with two-dimensional techniques. Three-dimensional techniques and Doppler techniques are more detailed methods for evaluation uteroplacental structure and function.
在整个孕期，胎盘对胎儿的生长和健康起着至关重要的作用。正常的胎盘功能对于实现健康的妊娠结局至关重要。孕期任何阶段的完整超声检查都应包括对胎儿和胎盘的全面评估。及时发现胎盘异常可为临床医生提供做出重要管理决策的机会。首要目标是实现健康的妊娠结局。产前诊断和正确的产科管理可降低胎儿和母亲的发病率及死亡率。因此，产科医生必须熟悉胎盘的正常和异常影像学表现。尽管胎盘对妊娠结局起着至关重要的作用，但胎盘的超声检查通常被认为次于对胎儿的检查。通过二维技术可以轻松确定胎盘的位置、大小、形状和结构。三维技术和多普勒技术是评估子宫胎盘结构和功能的更详细方法。
