Especialidad en Odontopediatría UAO, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico - Maestría en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
Hospital General de Zacatecas "Luz González Cosío", Servicios de Salud de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2018 Jun;19(2):119-126. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2018.19.02.05.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that has manifestations other than alterations in endocrine regulation or in metabolic pathways. Several diseases of the oral cavity have been associated with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 in young people according to their evolution. Scarce information exists regarding the role of diabetes and its association with the oral health status in paediatric diabetic patients. The aims of the study were to assess the quality of saliva, saliva acidogenicity, dental caries experience, fluorosis and periodontal status in diabetic patients and to evaluate their relationship with metabolic control variables and nutritional plan adherence.
The study population consisted of 60 paediatric patients with both types of diabetes mellitus. Saliva testing included stimulated flow, pH (using pH indicator strips), buffer capacity and Snyder's Test. DMFT/dmft and dental caries experience were determined on the basis of ICDAS II codes. The periodontal status was assessed by PI and GI and fluorosis by FI. Nutritional plan adherence was established from the subscale "Dietary Control" of the Diabetes Self-Management Profile questionnaire. Medical Data was retrieved from the clinical registers in the Diabetic Clinic.
We describe the main characteristics of the oral cavity related variables of our population that might guide the clinical practice in similar settings; we found a dmft/DMFT of 1.71 ± 1.74 and 0.64 ± 1.03, PI of 1.91 ± 0.75, GI of 0.50 ± 0.56 and a fluorosis prevalence of 61%. We identified several correlated variables, which indicate strong associations between the nutritional habits of the patients and co-occurrence of oral cavity physiopathological alterations. Several correlations were found between acidogenic activity of the saliva (Snyder Test) and the percentage of adherence to the nutritional plan and to the dmft index. Furthermore, a significant correlation between the buffering capacity of the saliva and the glycemic control of the participants was found. Neither an association nor a difference among means was found between treatment regime and the plaque index.
The results of the present study concluded that there was a significant relationship between diabetes mellitus and an increased prevalence of oral cavity related diseases in the paediatric population. These are also associated with a poor adherence to the nutritional plan.
糖尿病是一种除了内分泌调节或代谢途径改变之外还有其他表现的慢性疾病。根据其发展，几种口腔疾病与青少年 1 型和 2 型糖尿病有关。关于糖尿病及其与儿科糖尿病患者口腔健康状况的关系，信息很少。本研究的目的是评估唾液质量、唾液产酸、龋齿经历、氟斑牙和牙周状况在糖尿病患者中的表现，并评估它们与代谢控制变量和营养计划依从性的关系。
研究人群由 60 名患有 1 型和 2 型糖尿病的儿科患者组成。唾液检测包括刺激流、pH 值（使用 pH 指示剂条）、缓冲能力和 Snyder 试验。DMFT/dmft 和龋齿经历根据 ICDAS II 代码确定。牙周状况通过 PI 和 GI 评估，氟斑牙通过 FI 评估。营养计划的依从性是通过糖尿病自我管理概况问卷的“饮食控制”子量表确定的。从糖尿病诊所的临床登记册中检索医学数据。
我们描述了我们人群中与口腔相关变量的主要特征，这些特征可能指导类似环境下的临床实践；我们发现 dmft/DMFT 为 1.71 ± 1.74 和 0.64 ± 1.03，PI 为 1.91 ± 0.75，GI 为 0.50 ± 0.56，氟斑牙患病率为 61%。我们发现了一些相关变量，这些变量表明患者的饮食习惯与口腔生理病理改变的同时发生之间存在很强的关联。唾液产酸活性（Snyder 试验）与营养计划和 dmft 指数的依从率之间存在几种相关性。此外，还发现唾液缓冲能力与参与者的血糖控制之间存在显著相关性。在治疗方案和菌斑指数之间既没有发现关联，也没有发现平均值之间的差异。
本研究的结果表明，糖尿病与儿科人群中口腔相关疾病的患病率增加有显著关系。这些疾病也与营养计划的依从性差有关。
