Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
J Infect Dis. 2018 Jul 13;218(4):546-554. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy197.
Introduction of rotavirus vaccines into national immunization programs (NIPs) could result in strain selection due to vaccine-induced selective pressure. This study describes the distribution and diversity of rotavirus genotypes before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction into the Australian NIP. State-based vaccine selection facilitated a unique comparison of diversity in RotaTeq and Rotarix vaccine states.
From 1995 to 2015, the Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program conducted genotypic analysis on 13051 rotavirus-positive samples from children <5 years of age, hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis. Rotavirus G and P genotypes were determined using serological and heminested multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays.
G1P[8] was the dominant genotype nationally in the prevaccine era (1995-2006). Following vaccine introduction (2007-2015), greater genotype diversity was observed with fluctuating genotype dominance. Genotype distribution varied based on the vaccine implemented, with G12P[8] dominant in states using RotaTeq, and equine-like G3P[8] and G2P[4] dominant in states and territories using Rotarix.
The increased diversity and differences in genotype dominance observed in states using RotaTeq (G12P[8]), and in states and territories using Rotarix (equine-like G3P[8] and G2P[4]), suggest that these vaccines exert different immunological pressures that influence the diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Australia.
将轮状病毒疫苗引入国家免疫计划（NIP）可能会由于疫苗诱导的选择压力导致菌株选择。本研究描述了轮状病毒疫苗引入澳大利亚 NIP 前后轮状病毒基因型的分布和多样性。基于州的疫苗选择促进了 RotaTeq 和 Rotarix 疫苗州之间多样性的独特比较。
1995 年至 2015 年，澳大利亚轮状病毒监测计划对 13051 名年龄<5 岁的因急性胃肠炎住院的儿童的 13051 份轮状病毒阳性样本进行了基因分型分析。使用血清学和半嵌套多重逆转录聚合酶链反应检测法确定轮状病毒 G 和 P 基因型。
在疫苗前时代（1995-2006 年），G1P[8]是全国的主要基因型。疫苗引入后（2007-2015 年），观察到基因型多样性增加，基因型优势波动。根据实施的疫苗，基因型分布有所不同，在使用 RotaTeq 的州，G12P[8]占优势，而在使用 Rotarix 的州和地区，马源样 G3P[8]和 G2P[4]占优势。
在使用 RotaTeq（G12P[8]）的州和在使用 Rotarix（马源样 G3P[8]和 G2P[4]）的州和地区观察到的多样性增加和基因型优势的差异表明，这些疫苗施加了不同的免疫压力，影响了澳大利亚循环的轮状病毒株的多样性。
