McCann Terence V, Polacsek Meg
Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
J Adv Nurs. 2018 May 23. doi: 10.1111/jan.13720.
To review and discuss authorship and author order in the context of nursing and midwifery publications and to present a set of principles to guide and justify author order.
Variation in author order trends is evident across different authors, disciplines and countries. Confusion and conflict between authors give rise to important issues concerning ethics and collaboration and may delay publication. Lack of transparency in authorship practices also impedes judgements when individual contributions are used in support of employment, promotion, tenure and/or research funding applications.
Discussion paper.
A literature search of BioMed Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE with Full Text and PubMed for original peer-reviewed papers published in English between 2007 - 2017, in the disciplines of nursing and midwifery.
Much is written about authorship practices across disciplines and countries. Despite existing authorship guidelines, author order remains an area of confusion and contention. Disputes about authorship and author order have the potential to cause distrust and breakdowns in research relationships, thereby disrupting nursing and midwifery scholarship and research. The main issues concern honorary and ghost authorship, authorship versus acknowledgement, confusion about collaboration, author order, research students as co-authors, equal author credit and the need for explicit guidelines.
Good communication and mutual respect are crucial to the authorship process. However, clear instructions are needed to guide decisions on authorship and author order. It is recommended that the "first-last-author-emphasis" be adopted uniformly internationally across nursing and midwifery research.
在护理和助产领域出版物的背景下回顾和讨论作者身份及作者排序，并提出一套原则以指导和证明作者排序。
不同作者、学科和国家之间，作者排序趋势存在明显差异。作者之间的困惑和冲突引发了有关伦理和合作的重要问题，并可能延迟出版。作者身份认定做法缺乏透明度，也会在个人贡献用于支持就业、晋升、终身教职和/或研究经费申请时妨碍判断。
讨论文件。
对生物医学中心、护理及相关健康文献累积索引（CINAHL）、全文版医学期刊数据库（MEDLINE）和PubMed进行文献检索，查找2007年至2017年期间发表的英文原创同行评审论文，涉及护理和助产学科。
关于不同学科和国家的作者身份认定做法已有大量著述。尽管现有作者身份指南，但作者排序仍是一个混乱和有争议的领域。关于作者身份和作者排序的争议有可能导致研究关系中的不信任和破裂，从而扰乱护理和助产领域的学术研究。主要问题涉及荣誉作者和挂名作者、作者身份与致谢、合作困惑、作者排序、作为共同作者的研究生、同等作者贡献以及明确指南的必要性。
良好的沟通和相互尊重对作者身份认定过程至关重要。然而，需要明确的指导来指导关于作者身份和作者排序的决策。建议在国际上统一采用“第一作者-最后作者强调法”，应用于护理和助产研究。
