Bianconi S, Stutz G, Solís M R, Martini A C, Vincenti L M, Ponzio M F, Luque E, Avendaño C, Quiroga P, Santillán M E
Instituto y Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU - Córdoba, Argentina.
Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
Reprod Fertil Dev. 2018 Oct;30(11):1491-1502. doi: 10.1071/RD17552.
High-fat diets (HFDs) are an acknowledged risk factor for male subfertility, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study we compared the effects of two HFDs with different ω6:ω3 ratios, one enriched with soy oil (SOD; ω6:ω3=9.62) and another enriched with sunflower oil (SFOD; ω6:ω3=51.55), with those of a commercial diet (CD; ω6:ω3=19.87), supplied from pregnancy to adulthood, on morphometric parameters and reproductive performance in adult male mice (recommended ω6:ω3 for rodents=1-6). Bodyweight was significantly higher in the SFOD than CD group, and relative testicular weight was significantly lower in the SFOD than the other two groups. SFOD altered sperm performance: it reduced sperm viability (mean±s.e.m.; 76.00±1.35% vs 82.50±1.45% and 80.63±1.00% in the SFOD vs CD and SOD groups respectively; P<0.05) and increased the percentage of immature spermatozoa (71.88±7.17% vs 51.38±5.87% and 48.00±5.72% in the SFOD vs CD and SOD groups respectively; P<0.05). The epididymal ω6:ω3 ratio was higher in the SFOD versus CD and SOD groups, whereas the unsaturation index was higher in the SOD and SFOD groups than in CD group. Sperm membrane integrity was diminished in both the SOD and SFOD groups, but there was no difference in sperm reactive oxygen species production in these two groups compared with the CD group. The fertilisation rate was lower in the SFOD compared with the CD and SOD groups. In conclusion, although both HFDs affected sperm quality, the fertilising ability was more altered by the excessive dietary ω6:ω3 ratio than by the net ω6 content.
高脂饮食（HFDs）是公认的男性生育力低下的危险因素，但其潜在机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们比较了从怀孕到成年期供应的两种不同ω6:ω3比例的高脂饮食（一种富含大豆油，即SOD，ω6:ω3 = 9.62；另一种富含向日葵油，即SFOD，ω6:ω3 = 51.55）与商业饮食（CD，ω6:ω3 = 19.87）对成年雄性小鼠形态计量学参数和生殖性能的影响（啮齿动物推荐的ω6:ω3比例为1-6）。SFOD组的体重显著高于CD组，而SFOD组的相对睾丸重量显著低于其他两组。SFOD改变了精子性能：它降低了精子活力（平均值±标准误；SFOD组为76.00±1.35%，而CD组和SOD组分别为82.50±1.45%和80.63±1.00%；P<0.05），并增加了未成熟精子的百分比（SFOD组为71.88±7.17%，而CD组和SOD组分别为51.38±5.87%和48.00±5.72%；P<0.05）。与CD组和SOD组相比，SFOD组附睾的ω6:ω3比例更高，而SOD组和SFOD组的不饱和度指数高于CD组。SOD组和SFOD组的精子膜完整性均降低，但与CD组相比，这两组的精子活性氧产生没有差异。与CD组和SOD组相比，SFOD组的受精率较低。总之，虽然两种高脂饮食都影响精子质量，但饮食中ω6:ω3比例过高比ω6净含量对受精能力的影响更大。
