Chari Basavaraj, McNally Eugene
Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Oxford Musculoskeletal Radiology, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2018 Jul;22(3):354-363. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1648252. Epub 2018 May 23.
Peripheral nerve entrapment of the ankle and foot is relatively uncommon and often underdiagnosed because electrophysiologic studies may not contribute to the diagnosis. Anatomy of the peripheral nerves is variable and complex, and along with a comprehensive physical examination, a thorough understanding of the applied anatomy is essential. Several studies have helped identify specific areas in which nerves are commonly compressed. Identified secondary causes of nerve compression include previous trauma, osteophytes, ganglion cysts, edema, accessory muscles, tenosynovitis, vascular lesions, and a primary nerve tumor. Imaging plays a key role in identifying primary and secondary causes of nerve entrapment, specifically ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging. US is a dynamic imaging modality that is cost effective and offers excellent resolution. Symptoms of nerve entrapment may mimic other common foot and ankle conditions such as plantar fasciitis.
踝关节和足部的周围神经卡压相对少见，且常常诊断不足，因为电生理检查可能无助于诊断。周围神经的解剖结构多样且复杂，除了全面的体格检查外，透彻理解应用解剖学至关重要。多项研究有助于确定神经通常受压的特定区域。已确定的神经受压继发原因包括既往创伤、骨赘、腱鞘囊肿、水肿、副肌、腱鞘炎、血管病变和原发性神经肿瘤。影像学检查在识别神经卡压的原发性和继发性原因方面起着关键作用，特别是超声（US）和磁共振成像。超声是一种动态成像方式，具有成本效益且分辨率极佳。神经卡压的症状可能与其他常见的足踝病症相似，如足底筋膜炎。
