Shelley A J, Dias A P, Moraes M A, Procunier W S
Department of Entomology, British Museum Natural History, London.
Med Vet Entomol. 1987 Jul;1(3):219-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1987.tb00348.x.
In an attempt to explain the current distribution of onchocerciasis in the forests of northern Brazil (Moraes et al., 1979, 1986), and its potential for dispersal to other areas, this study compares the vector status of Simulium oyapockense Floch and Abonnenc, 1946 in both a hypoendemic and an onchocerciasis free area with that of S. limbatum Knab, 1915 in the latter area. Both species allowed the full development of Onchocerca volvulus (Leuckart) to the infective L3 stage after experimental infection with microfilariae. Their vector competence was significantly lower than for other efficient vector species in South America and Africa because of the lethal effect of the cibarial armature on ingested microfilariae. The low vector capacity of S. oyapockense, together with the low prevalence and intensity of infection of O. volvulus, probably explains why onchocerciasis has not significantly increased in intensity over the last 10 years in the hypoendemic part of the Amazonian focus. Omnipresence of both vector species in the adjacent savanna region, however, could facilitate the spread of onchocerciasis if human population movements continue from the hyperendemic part of the onchocerciasis focus.
为了解释巴西北部森林地区盘尾丝虫病的当前分布情况（莫赖斯等人，1979年、1986年）及其向其他地区扩散的可能性，本研究比较了1946年的奥亚波克蚋在低度流行区和无盘尾丝虫病地区以及1915年的缘饰蚋在无盘尾丝虫病地区的媒介地位。在经微丝蚴实验感染后，这两种蚋均可使旋盘尾丝虫发育至感染性L3期。由于下咽结构对摄入微丝蚴的致死作用，它们的媒介能力显著低于南美洲和非洲的其他高效媒介物种。奥亚波克蚋的低媒介能力，以及旋盘尾丝虫的低流行率和感染强度，可能解释了为什么在亚马逊病媒区的低度流行地区，盘尾丝虫病在过去10年里强度没有显著增加。然而，如果人口继续从盘尾丝虫病流行区的高度流行地区流动，这两种媒介物种在相邻稀树草原地区的普遍存在可能会促进盘尾丝虫病的传播。
