Basáñez M G, Yarzábal L, Takaoka H, Suzuki H, Noda S, Tada I
Amazonian Centre for Research and Control of Tropical Diseases (CAICET), Puerto Ayacucho, Federal Territory of Amazonas, Venezuela.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1988 Dec;82(6):597-611. doi: 10.1080/00034983.1988.11812296.
Experimental and natural infections with Onchocerca volvulus were studied in several anthropophilic blackfly species present in the endemic area of the Upper Orinoco region of Venezuela. When fed on four different Yanomami volunteers in the Sierra Parima, the total infection rate was 31.4% for Simulium guianense in comparison with 7.5% for S. limbatum. The proportion of ingested microfilariae that entered the thorax during the first 24 hours and completed development to the infective stage was also much lower in the latter than in the former species. There was no larval development of O. volvulus in S. antillarum, but one female harboured in its head six infective larvae of a zoonotic filaria. When S. oyapokense s.l. was fed on an infected volunteer in the Upper Orinoco most flies ingested few microfilariae, and further development reached only the L1 stage. Natural infection and infectivity rates for S. guianense in two localities of the Sierra Parima were 0.2-4.0% and 1.3-10.2%, respectively, more than 50% of the L3 larvae being in the head. The corresponding data for S. oyapockense s.l. in the Upper Orinoco were 0.1-0.5%, although the only L3 larva found did not correspond to O. volvulus. It is suggested that S. guianense is the main vector of onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and that S. limbatum could play a secondary role. Simulium oyapockense s.l. replaces them in the Upper Orinoco and may maintain a degree of transmission, but its epidemiological importance remains to be assessed.
在委内瑞拉上奥里诺科地区流行区存在的几种嗜人黑蝇物种中，研究了盘尾丝虫的实验性感染和自然感染情况。在塞拉帕里马，当以4名不同的雅诺马马志愿者为食时，圭亚那蚋的总感染率为31.4%，而缘饰蚋为7.5%。在后一种蚋中，在前24小时进入胸部并发育至感染阶段的摄入微丝蚴比例也远低于前一种蚋。奥氏盘尾丝虫在安的列斯蚋中没有幼虫发育，但有一只雌蚋在其头部藏有6条人畜共患丝虫的感染性幼虫。当在上奥里诺科以一名受感染的志愿者为食时，大多数奥亚波克蚋摄入的微丝蚴很少，进一步发育仅达到L1阶段。塞拉帕里马两个地点的圭亚那蚋的自然感染率和感染性率分别为0.2 - 4.0%和1.3 - 10.2%，超过50%的L3幼虫位于头部。上奥里诺科奥亚波克蚋的相应数据为0.1 - 0.5%，尽管发现的唯一一条L3幼虫并非奥氏盘尾丝虫。有人认为，圭亚那蚋是塞拉帕里马盘尾丝虫病的主要传播媒介，缘饰蚋可能起次要作用。奥亚波克蚋在上奥里诺科取代了它们，并可能维持一定程度的传播，但其流行病学重要性仍有待评估。
