Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2018 Jul 17;47(14):5177-5186. doi: 10.1039/c8cs00085a.
Protein engineering provides a means to alter protein structure leading to new functions. Much work has focused on the engineering of enzyme active sites to enhance catalytic activity, however there is an increasing trend towards engineering other aspects of biocatalysts as these efforts can also lead to useful improvements. This tutorial discusses recent advances in engineering an enzyme's local chemical and physical environment, with the goal of enhancing enzyme reaction kinetics, substrate selectivity, and activity in harsh conditions (e.g., low or high pH). By introducing stimuli-responsiveness to these enzyme modifications, dynamic control of activity also becomes possible. These new biomolecular and protein engineering techniques are separate and independent from traditional active site engineering and can therefore be applied synergistically to create new biocatalyst technologies with novel functions.
蛋白质工程提供了一种改变蛋白质结构从而产生新功能的手段。许多工作都集中在酶活性位点的工程设计上，以提高催化活性，但越来越多的人开始关注生物催化剂的其他方面的工程设计，因为这些努力也可以带来有用的改进。本教程讨论了近年来在工程酶的局部化学和物理环境方面的进展，目的是提高酶反应动力学、底物选择性和在恶劣条件下（例如，低或高 pH 值）的活性。通过为这些酶修饰引入刺激响应性，可以实现活性的动态控制。这些新的生物分子和蛋白质工程技术与传统的活性位点工程是分开和独立的，因此可以协同应用于创造具有新功能的新型生物催化剂技术。
