Faculty of Applied Cosmonautics and Photogrammetry, Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 May 23;190(6):356. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6726-z.
The availability of Landsat data allows improving the monitoring and assessment of large-scale areas with land cover changes in rapid developing regions. Thus, we pretend to show a combined methodology to assess land cover changes (LCCs) in the Hamoun Wetland region (Iran) over a period of 30-year (1987-2016) and to quantify seasonal and decadal landscape and land use variabilities. Using the pixel-based change detection (PBCD) and the post-classification comparison (PCC), four land cover classes were compared among spring, summer, and fall seasons. Our findings showed for the water class a higher correlation between spring and summer (R = 0.94) than fall and spring (R = 0.58) seasons. Before 2000, ~ 50% of the total area was covered by bare soil and 40% by water. However, after 2000, more than 70% of wetland was transformed into bare soils. The results of the long-term monitoring period showed that fall season was the most representative time to show the inter-annual variability of LCCs monitoring and the least affected by seasonal-scale climatic variations. In the Hamoun Wetland region, land cover was highly controlled by changes in surface water, which in turn responded to both climatic and anthropogenic impacts. We were able to divide the water budget monitoring into three different ecological regimes: (1) a period of high water level, which sustained healthy extensive plant life, and approximately 40% of the total surface water was retained until the end of the hydrological year; (2) a period of drought during high evaporation rates was observed, and a mean wetland surface of about 85% was characterized by bare land; and (3) a recovery period in which water levels were overall rising, but they are not maintained from year to year. After a spring flood, in 2006 and 2013, grassland reached the highest extensions, covering till more than 20% of the region, and the dynamics of the ecosystem were affected by the differences in moisture. The Hamoun wetland region served as an important example and demonstration of the feedbacks between land cover and land uses, particularly as pertaining to water resources available to a rapidly expanding population.
陆地卫星数据的可用性使得对快速发展地区的大面积土地覆盖变化进行监测和评估成为可能。因此，我们试图展示一种综合方法，以评估伊朗哈蒙湿地地区（Hamoun Wetland）在 30 年期间（1987-2016 年）的土地覆盖变化（LCCs），并量化季节和十年尺度的景观和土地利用变化。我们使用基于像素的变化检测（PBCD）和分类后比较（PCC）方法，比较了春季、夏季和秋季的四个土地覆盖类别。我们的研究结果表明，对于水域类别，春季和夏季之间的相关性更高（R=0.94），而秋季和春季之间的相关性较低（R=0.58）。在 2000 年之前，约 50%的总面积被裸土覆盖，40%的面积被水覆盖。然而，在 2000 年之后，超过 70%的湿地转变为裸土。长期监测期间的结果表明，秋季是显示 LCCs 监测年度变化的最具代表性的时间，受季节性气候变化的影响最小。在哈蒙湿地地区，土地覆盖主要受到地表水变化的控制，而地表水的变化又受到气候和人为因素的影响。我们能够将水资源监测分为三种不同的生态系统：（1）一个高水位时期，这个时期维持了健康的广泛的植物生命，大约 40%的总地表水保留到水文年度结束；（2）一个高蒸发率时期的干旱时期，大约 85%的湿地表面特征是裸地；（3）一个水位总体上升的恢复期，但水位没有每年都保持。在 2006 年和 2013 年的春季洪水中，草地达到了最高的扩展，覆盖了该地区的 20%以上，生态系统的动态受到水分差异的影响。哈蒙湿地地区是土地覆盖和土地利用之间的反馈的一个重要例子和示范，特别是在与快速增长的人口相关的水资源方面。
