Cardwell Karen, Hughes Carmel M, Ryan Cristín
Department of General Practice, Health Research Board Centre for Primary Care Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
Int J Clin Pharm. 2018 Oct;40(5):1086-1095. doi: 10.1007/s11096-018-0659-z. Epub 2018 May 23.
Background The Medicines use review (MUR) service, provided by community pharmacists, seeks to optimise patients' use of medicines. There is limited evidence on the clinical effectiveness of this service. Structuring MURs to include an assessment of prescribing appropriateness, facilitated by a validated prescribing screening tool, has the capacity to enhance this service. Objective To explore community pharmacists' views on the facilitators and barriers towards the utilisation of a screening tool as a guide to conducting structured MURs. Setting Community Pharmacy, Northern Ireland. Method Using the 14 domain Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), semi-structured interviews were conducted with community pharmacists. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the Framework method. Main Outcome Measure Pharmacists' views towards utilisation of a screening tool as a guide to conducting structured MURs. Results Based on the analysis of 15 interviews, 11 TDF domains ('Knowledge', 'Skills', 'Social and professional role and identity', 'Beliefs about capabilities', 'Beliefs about consequences', 'Reinforcement', 'Goals', 'Memory, attention and decision process', 'Environmental context and resources', 'Social influences', 'Behavioural regulation') were deemed relevant. Facilitators included: knowledge of patients, clinical knowledge, perceived professional role, patients' clinical outcomes, influence of peers. Barriers included: prioritisation of other clinical activities, inability to access patients' clinical information, perceived alienation from the primary healthcare team and staffing issues. Conclusions Using the TDF, key facilitators and barriers were identified in the use of a screening tool as a guide to conducting MURs. These findings may assist in further development of MURs as a means to optimise patients' medicines use.
背景 由社区药剂师提供的用药评估(MUR)服务旨在优化患者的用药情况。关于该服务临床有效性的证据有限。构建用药评估以纳入对处方适宜性的评估,借助经过验证的处方筛查工具,有能力提升这项服务。目的 探讨社区药剂师对于使用筛查工具作为开展结构化用药评估指南的促进因素和障碍的看法。地点 北爱尔兰社区药房。方法 运用包含14个领域的理论领域框架(TDF),对社区药剂师进行半结构化访谈。访谈进行数字录音,逐字转录,并使用框架法进行分析。主要观察指标 药剂师对于使用筛查工具作为开展结构化用药评估指南的看法。结果 基于对15次访谈的分析,11个TDF领域(“知识”、“技能”、“社会和专业角色及身份”、“对能力的信念”、“对后果的信念”、“强化”、“目标”、“记忆、注意力和决策过程”、“环境背景和资源”、“社会影响”、“行为调节”)被认为是相关的。促进因素包括:对患者的了解、临床知识、感知到的专业角色、患者的临床结局、同行的影响。障碍包括:其他临床活动的优先级、无法获取患者的临床信息、感觉与初级医疗团队疏远以及人员配备问题。结论 运用TDF,确定了使用筛查工具作为用药评估指南的关键促进因素和障碍。这些发现可能有助于进一步发展用药评估,作为优化患者用药的一种手段。