Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta str, Kifissia, Greece.
Department of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta str, Kifissia, Greece.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 May 25;190(6):361. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6728-x.
The persistence of glyphosate and its primary metabolite AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) was monitored in two areas in Southern Greece (Peza, Crete and Chora Trifilias, Peloponnese) with a known history of glyphosate use, and the levels of residues were linked to spray operators' activities in the respective areas. A total of 170 samples were collected and analysed from both areas during a 3-year monitoring study. A new method (Impact Assessment Procedure - IAP) designed to assess potential impacts to the environment caused by growers' activities, was utilised in the explanation of the results. The level of residues was compared to the predicted environmental concentrations in soil. The ratio of the measured concentrations to the predicted environmental concentrations (MCs/PECs) was > 1 in Chora the first 2 years of sampling and < 1 in the third year, whilst the MCs/PECs ratio was < 1 in Peza, throughout the whole monitoring period. The compliance to the instructions for best handling practices, which operators received during the monitoring period, was reflected in the amount of residues and the MCs/PECs ratio in the second and especially the third sampling year. Differences in the level of residues between areas as well as sampling sites of the same area were identified. AMPA persisted longer than the parent compound glyphosate in both areas.
在希腊南部（克里特岛的佩扎和伯罗奔尼撒半岛的乔拉特里菲利亚斯）两个已知使用草甘膦的地区，监测了草甘膦及其主要代谢物 AMAP（氨甲基膦酸）的持久性，残留水平与各自地区喷雾器操作人员的活动有关。在为期 3 年的监测研究中，从两个地区共采集了 170 个样本进行分析。利用一种新方法（影响评估程序 - IAP）来评估种植者活动对环境造成的潜在影响，来解释结果。残留水平与土壤中的预测环境浓度进行了比较。在采样的前 2 年，Chora 的测量浓度与预测环境浓度的比值（MCs/PECs）大于 1，而在第三年则小于 1，而在整个监测期间，Peza 的 MCs/PECs 比值均小于 1。在监测期间，操作人员遵守了最佳处理操作的说明，这反映在第二年和特别是第三年的残留量和 MCs/PECs 比值上。在不同地区以及同一地区的采样点之间，发现了残留水平的差异。在两个地区，AMPA 比母体化合物草甘膦更持久。
