Kabella Danielle M, Flynn Lucinda, Peters Amanda, Kodituwakku Piyadasa, Stephen Julia M
The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2018 May 24. doi: 10.1111/acer.13782.
Prior studies indicate that the auditory mismatch response is sensitive to early alterations in brain development in multiple developmental disorders. Prenatal alcohol exposure is known to impact early auditory processing. The current study hypothesized alterations in the mismatch response in young children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).
Participants in this study were 9 children with a FASD and 17 control children (Control) aged 3 to 6 years. Participants underwent magnetoencephalography and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans separately. We compared groups on neurophysiological mismatch negativity (MMN) responses to auditory stimuli measured using the auditory oddball paradigm. Frequent (1,000 Hz) and rare (1,200 Hz) tones were presented at 72 dB.
There was no significant group difference in MMN response latency or amplitude represented by the peak located ~200 ms after stimulus presentation in the difference time course between frequent and infrequent tones. Examining the time courses to the frequent and infrequent tones separately, repeated measures analysis of variance with condition (frequent vs. rare), peak (N100m and N200m), and hemisphere as within-subject factors and diagnosis and sex as the between-subject factors showed a significant interaction of peak by diagnosis (p = 0.001), with a pattern of decreased amplitude from N100m to N200m in Control children and the opposite pattern in children with FASD. However, no significant difference was found with the simple effects comparisons. No group differences were found in the response latencies of the rare auditory evoked fields.
The results indicate that there was no detectable effect of alcohol exposure on the amplitude or latency of the MMNm response to simple tones modulated by frequency change in preschool-aged children with FASD. However, while discrimination abilities to simple tones may be intact, early auditory sensory processing revealed by the interaction between N100m and N200m amplitude indicates that auditory sensory processing may be altered in children with FASD.
先前的研究表明，听觉失匹配反应对多种发育障碍中大脑发育的早期改变敏感。已知产前酒精暴露会影响早期听觉处理。当前研究假设胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）幼儿的失匹配反应存在改变。
本研究的参与者为9名患有FASD的儿童和17名3至6岁的对照儿童。参与者分别接受了脑磁图和结构磁共振成像扫描。我们使用听觉奇偶数范式比较了两组对听觉刺激的神经生理失匹配负波（MMN）反应。以72分贝呈现频繁（1000赫兹）和罕见（1200赫兹）音调。
在频繁和不频繁音调的差异时间进程中，刺激呈现后约200毫秒处的峰值所代表的MMN反应潜伏期或振幅在两组之间无显著差异。分别检查对频繁和不频繁音调的时间进程，以条件（频繁与罕见）、峰值（N100m和N200m）和半球作为受试者内因素，诊断和性别作为受试者间因素进行重复测量方差分析，结果显示峰值与诊断之间存在显著交互作用（p = 0.001），对照儿童中从N100m到N200m振幅降低，而FASD儿童则相反。然而，简单效应比较未发现显著差异。在罕见听觉诱发电场的反应潜伏期方面未发现组间差异。
结果表明，在患有FASD的学龄前儿童中，酒精暴露对频率变化调制的简单音调的MMNm反应的振幅或潜伏期没有可检测到的影响。然而，虽然对简单音调的辨别能力可能完好无损，但N100m和N200m振幅之间的相互作用所揭示的早期听觉感觉处理表明，FASD儿童的听觉感觉处理可能会发生改变。
