Selbmann Laura, Pacelli Claudia, Zucconi Laura, Dadachova Ekaterina, Moeller Ralf, de Vera Jean-Pierre, Onofri Silvano
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Fungal Biol. 2018 Jun;122(6):546-554. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.10.012. Epub 2017 Nov 4.
The Antarctic black meristematic fungus Cryomyces antarcticus CCFEE 515 occurs endolithically in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, one of the best analogue for Mars environment on Earth. To date, this fungus is considered one of the best eukaryotic models for astrobiological studies and has been repeatedly selected for space experiments in the last decade. The obtained results are reviewed here, with special focus on responses to space relevant irradiation, UV radiation, and both sparsely and densely ionizing radiation, which represent the major injuries for a putative space-traveller. The remarkable resistance of this model organism to space stress, its radioresistance in particular, and mechanisms involved, significantly contributed to expanding our concept of limits for life and provided new insights on the origin and evolution of life in planetary systems, habitability, and biosignatures for life detection as well as on human protection during space missions.
南极黑色分生组织真菌南极嗜冷菌CCFEE 515内生存在南极洲的麦克默多干谷，这里是地球上与火星环境最相似的地方之一。迄今为止，这种真菌被认为是天体生物学研究中最好的真核生物模型之一，并且在过去十年中多次被选用于太空实验。本文对所获得的结果进行了综述，特别关注其对与太空相关的辐射、紫外线辐射以及稀疏和密集电离辐射的反应，这些辐射是假定的太空旅行者面临的主要伤害。这种模式生物对太空压力具有显著的抗性，尤其是其抗辐射性以及相关机制，极大地有助于拓展我们对生命极限的概念，并为行星系统中生命的起源与演化、宜居性、生命探测的生物特征以及太空任务期间的人类保护提供了新的见解。
