Kaštelan Snježana, Gverović Antunica Antonela, Beketić Orešković Lidija, Salopek Rabatić Jasminka, Kasun Boris, Bakija Ivana
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Pathol Oncol Res. 2018 Oct;24(4):787-796. doi: 10.1007/s12253-018-0419-3. Epub 2018 May 25.
Conjunctival melanoma is a rare but sight and life threatening malignancy. It accounts for 2%-5% of all ocular tumours and 5%-7% of all ocular melanomas with an incidence of 0.2-0.8 per million in the Caucasian population with rare cases reported in the non-Caucasians. In recent decades the incidence of uveal melanoma has been relatively stable whilst conjunctival and cutaneous melanoma have shown increasing incidence which may be connected to the result of environmental exposure to ultraviolet light. The dissimilarity in incidence between light and dark pigmented individuals observed in conjunctival melanomas compared to uveal and cutaneous melanomas may be related to differences in their histological structures and genetic profile. Recent molecular biological studies support the fact that each type of melanoma undergoes its own molecular changes and has characteristic biological behaviour. Further studies are required for each type of melanoma in order to ascertain their individual etiology and pathogenesis and based on this knowledge develop relevant preventative and treatment procedures.
结膜黑色素瘤是一种罕见但会危及视力和生命的恶性肿瘤。它占所有眼部肿瘤的2%-5%，占所有眼部黑色素瘤的5%-7%，在白种人群中的发病率为百万分之0.2-0.8，非白种人报告的病例罕见。近几十年来，葡萄膜黑色素瘤的发病率相对稳定，而结膜和皮肤黑色素瘤的发病率呈上升趋势，这可能与环境紫外线暴露的结果有关。与葡萄膜和皮肤黑色素瘤相比，结膜黑色素瘤在浅色素和深色素个体中观察到的发病率差异可能与其组织结构和基因特征的差异有关。最近的分子生物学研究支持这样一个事实，即每种类型的黑色素瘤都会经历自身的分子变化并具有特征性的生物学行为。每种类型的黑色素瘤都需要进一步研究，以确定其各自的病因和发病机制，并基于这些知识制定相关的预防和治疗程序。
