Human platelet antigens in disease.

Platelets have various functions and participate in primary hemostasis, inflammation, and immune responses. Human platelet antigens (HPAs) are alloantigens expressed on the platelet membrane. Each HPA represent one of six platelet glycoproteins GPIIb, GPIIIa, GPIa, GPIbα, GPIbβ, and CD109, and six biallelic systems are grouped. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene sequence causes a single amino acid substitution of relevant platelet glycoprotein with the exception of HPA-14bw. High-throughput next-generation sequencing-based method has been developed, which enable accurately identification of HPA polymorphisms. The roles of HPA in disease were reviewed. HPAs mediate platelet-microorganism and platelet-malignant cell interactions, and they also participate in pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and infective endocarditis. The exploration of HPA polymorphisms in association with disease susceptibility of individuals will benefit prevention or management of disease.