Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control Department, Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, 50100, Kozani, Greece.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100, Kozani, Greece.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 May 26;190(6):363. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6721-4.
Water reservoirs are used for many purposes, such as water supply, irrigation, flood mitigation, and hydroelectric energy generation. Although hydroelectric energy is considered "green," many studies show that the construction of a reservoir enhances greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the transformed area. These emissions, mainly of CO, CH, and NO gases, depend on the age of the reservoir, landscape and soil composition, fauna and flora remnants of the impounded area, climatic conditions, and basin runoffs. Consequently, GHG emissions significantly vary between reservoirs and depending on local specificities. Several studies have investigated GHG emissions from reservoirs around the world, focusing mainly on reservoirs located in cold regions, temperate regions, and tropical regions. Research is lacking for reservoirs in Mediterranean countries, like Greece, and similar regions. This work initially assesses the net GHG emissions of a newly created reservoir (Ilarion est. 2012) in Western Macedonia, Greece. The methodology for net GHG emission calculation was based on the use of literature data concerning pre-impoundment emission factors and local specificities of the reservoir (terrain type, canopy cover), as well as on the 2-year measurement data that were collected using a "static floating chamber." Furthermore, in this work, the gross GHG emissions of an older, in-line reservoir (Polyfytos est. 1974) were also calculated, based on 2-year measurement data. The results show that the global warming potential (GWP) of the reservoirs is dictated by methane emissions; it minimizes during winter and spring and maximizes during summer and autumn. Hydroelectric energy production at Ilarion Reservoir results in 32 to 97 times less total CO equivalent emissions in comparison to fossil fuels, while at Polyfytos Reservoir only 8 to 24 times less (based on gross emissions). It appears that the impact of a reservoir's morphology on GHG emissions is more significant than that of a reservoir's age.
水库有多种用途，例如供水、灌溉、防洪和水力发电等。虽然水力发电被认为是“绿色”的，但许多研究表明，水库的建设会增加改造区域的温室气体（GHG）排放。这些排放物主要包括 CO、CH 和 NO 气体，取决于水库的年龄、景观和土壤组成、蓄水区域的动植物残余物、气候条件和流域径流量。因此，GHG 排放因水库和当地具体情况而异。
世界各地有许多研究调查了水库的 GHG 排放，主要集中在寒冷地区、温带地区和热带地区的水库。在像希腊这样的地中海国家和类似地区，对水库的研究较少。
本研究初步评估了希腊西马其顿新建水库（Ilarion 建于 2012 年）的净 GHG 排放。净 GHG 排放计算方法基于使用有关蓄水前排放因子和水库的当地具体情况（地形类型、树冠覆盖）的文献数据，以及使用“静态浮动室”收集的 2 年测量数据。此外，本研究还根据 2 年的测量数据，计算了较老的在线水库（Polyfytos 建于 1974 年）的总 GHG 排放。
结果表明，水库的全球变暖潜能（GWP）受甲烷排放的影响；它在冬季和春季最小，在夏季和秋季最大。与化石燃料相比，Ilarion 水库的水力发电导致的总 CO 当量排放减少了 32 至 97 倍，而 Polyfytos 水库仅减少了 8 至 24 倍（基于总排放量）。
似乎水库形态对 GHG 排放的影响比水库年龄的影响更为显著。
