La Trobe University, Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Melbourne, Australia.
Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden.
Addiction. 2018 Nov;113(11):2019-2028. doi: 10.1111/add.14279. Epub 2018 Jul 5.
Recent studies have argued that there has been substantial gender convergence in alcohol consumption. However, many of these rely on comparisons of different cohorts and do not adjust for age differences in male and female drinking patterns. We aimed to examine (1) whether the gender gap in risky drinking in Australia narrowed between 2001 and 2013, (2) if the evidence for gender convergence (or divergence) was consistent across age groups and (3) how a cohort-focused analysis of gender convergence compared with an age-focused approach.
Repeated cross-sectional data from five waves of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (2001, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013). Interaction terms in logistic and linear regression models were used to test for significantly different trends between men and women.
Australia.
Australians aged 14 years and older (n = 125 215) who provided data on alcohol consumption in the National Drug Strategy Household Survey.
Prevalence of long-term risky drinking (average of 20 g or more per day) and prevalence of risky single occasion drinking (12 or more sessions of 50 g or more).
Gender differences were large for all age groups except adolescents (14-17-year-olds), with men typically reporting levels of drinking at least twice as high as women across the study period. Overall, there was statistically significant gender convergence in alcohol use measures showing a slight decrease in men's drinking and a slight increase in women's drinking. However, when age-specific analyses were conducted gender convergence was only observed for 50-69-year-olds.
In Australia, gender convergence in risky drinking since 2001 has been evident only in people aged 50-69 years.
最近的研究表明，在饮酒方面，男性和女性之间的差异已经大大缩小。然而，其中许多研究依赖于对不同队列的比较，并且没有调整男性和女性饮酒模式的年龄差异。我们旨在检验：(1)澳大利亚在高风险饮酒方面的性别差距是否在 2001 年至 2013 年期间缩小；(2)性别趋同(或趋异)的证据是否在不同年龄组之间一致；(3)性别趋同的队列分析与年龄分析相比如何。
五次全国药物策略家庭调查(2001 年、2004 年、2007 年、2010 年和 2013 年)的重复横断面数据。逻辑和线性回归模型中的交互项用于检验男性和女性之间趋势的显著差异。
澳大利亚。
在全国药物策略家庭调查中提供了饮酒数据的年龄在 14 岁及以上的澳大利亚人(n=125215)。
长期高风险饮酒的流行率(平均每天 20 克或以上)和高风险单次饮酒的流行率(12 次或以上，每次 50 克或以上)。
除青少年(14-17 岁)外，所有年龄组的性别差异都很大，男性在整个研究期间的饮酒水平通常至少是女性的两倍。总体而言，在衡量饮酒的各项指标上，性别趋同明显，男性饮酒量略有下降，女性饮酒量略有增加。然而，当进行年龄特定的分析时，性别趋同仅在 50-69 岁的人群中观察到。
在澳大利亚，自 2001 年以来，高风险饮酒方面的性别趋同仅在 50-69 岁的人群中明显。
