Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Addiction. 2018 Dec;113(12):2194-2202. doi: 10.1111/add.14377. Epub 2018 Aug 9.
In Australia, as in many countries, alcohol consumption increased dramatically during the second half of the 20th century, with increased availability of alcohol, relaxation of attitudes towards drinking and shifting roles and opportunities for women as facilitating factors. We sought to investigate drinking trends by gender and birth cohort in Australia during this period.
Retrospective cohort study.
SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Using the usual frequency and quantity of beverage-specific alcohol intake for 10-year periods from age 20, reported retrospectively from 40 789 participants aged 40-69 years (born 1920-49) at recruitment to the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study in 1990-94, we compared trends in alcohol consumption by sex in Australia between 1950 and 1990. Participants' average daily consumption for age decades were transformed to estimated intakes for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990.
Alcohol consumption was higher for men than women during each decade. Alcohol consumption increased for both sexes in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and fell after 1980. The rise before 1980 was roughly equal in absolute terms for both sexes, but much greater relative to 1950 for women. Women born during 1930-39 and 1940-49 drank more alcohol during early-middle adulthood (ages 20-40) than women born during 1920-29. In the 1980s, the fall was greater in absolute terms for men, but roughly equal relative to 1950 for both sexes. In both sexes, the decline in drinking in the 1980s for birth-decade cohorts was roughly in parallel.
Specific birth cohorts were influential in the rise in alcohol consumption by Australian women born in 1920-49 after World War II. Much of the convergence with men's drinking after 1980 reflects large reductions in drinking among men.
在澳大利亚，与许多国家一样，20 世纪后半叶，酒精供应量增加、人们对饮酒的态度更加放松以及女性的角色和机会发生转变，这些都成为促进酒精消费的因素，导致酒精消费大幅增加。本研究旨在调查这一时期澳大利亚不同性别和出生队列的饮酒趋势。
回顾性队列研究。
地点、参与者和测量方法：本研究使用 1990-94 年墨尔本协作队列研究招募的 40789 名年龄在 40-69 岁（出生于 1920-49 年）的参与者在 20 岁时每 10 年报告的特定饮料酒精摄入量的常用频率和数量，比较了 1950 年至 1990 年澳大利亚男女饮酒趋势。将参与者年龄十年的平均日摄入量转换为 1950 年、1960 年、1970 年、1980 年和 1990 年的估计摄入量。
在每个十年中，男性的酒精摄入量均高于女性。在 20 世纪 50 年代、60 年代和 70 年代，两性的酒精摄入量均有所增加，而 1980 年以后则有所下降。在绝对数量上，两性在 1980 年之前的上升幅度大致相同，但与 1950 年相比，女性的上升幅度要大得多。1930-39 年和 1940-49 年出生的女性在中青年（20-40 岁）时的饮酒量多于 1920-29 年出生的女性。在 20 世纪 80 年代，男性的绝对降幅更大，但两性与 1950 年相比大致相同。在两性中，20 世纪 80 年代出生队列的饮酒量下降大致呈平行趋势。
二战后，特定的出生队列对澳大利亚 1920-49 年出生的女性饮酒量的上升产生了影响。20 世纪 80 年代男性饮酒量的大幅减少在很大程度上反映了男性饮酒量的大幅减少。
