The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, The Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2018 Aug;91(6):759-766. doi: 10.1007/s00420-018-1323-6. Epub 2018 May 28.
Occupational exposure of firefighters involves a complex range of potential health threats from toxic chemicals, shift work, extreme heat, physical and emotional strain. The aim of this study is to examine overall and disease-specific mortality among Danish firefighters.
Through systematic collection of personnel and membership records from employers and trade unions, past and present male Danish firefighters were identified (n = 11,775). Using the unique Danish personal identification number, information on additional employment, vital status and cause of death was linked to each member of the cohort from the Supplementary Pension Fund Register, the Danish Civil Registration System and the Danish Register of Causes of Death. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for specific causes of death using rates for two reference groups, a random sample of the male working population (n = 262,168) and the military (n = 396,739), respectively.
Overall mortality was significantly reduced among the firefighters compared to both the sample of the working population and the military (SMR 0.74, 95% CI 0.69-0.78 and SMR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.93). Further, the SMRs for endocrine diseases, mental disorders, non-traffic related accidents and other external causes were significantly lower against both reference groups. Death from stomach cancer was significantly increased among the full time firefighters, while part time/volunteer workers shared a significant increase in prostate cancer death compared to both references.
Despite potential exposure to several occupational hazards, male Danish firefighters have a lower mortality than both the Danish working population in general and Danish military employees.
消防员的职业暴露涉及一系列复杂的潜在健康威胁，包括有毒化学物质、轮班工作、极端高温、身体和情绪压力。本研究旨在检查丹麦消防员的总体和特定疾病死亡率。
通过系统收集雇主和工会的人员和会员记录，确定了过去和现在的丹麦男性消防员（n=11775）。利用独特的丹麦个人身份号码，从补充养老金基金登记处、丹麦公民登记系统和丹麦死因登记处，将队列中每个成员的额外就业、生存状态和死因信息联系起来。使用两个参考组的死亡率计算特定死因的标准化死亡率（SMR），一个参考组是男性劳动力（n=262168）的随机样本，另一个参考组是军队（n=396739）。
与劳动力样本和军队相比，消防员的总体死亡率显著降低（SMR 0.74，95%CI 0.69-0.78 和 SMR 0.88，95%CI 0.83-0.93）。此外，与两个参考组相比，内分泌疾病、精神障碍、非交通相关事故和其他外部原因导致的死亡率明显降低。全职消防员的胃癌死亡率显著升高，而兼职/志愿者消防员的前列腺癌死亡率与两个参考组相比均显著升高。
尽管可能接触到几种职业危害，但丹麦男性消防员的死亡率低于一般丹麦劳动力和丹麦军队员工。
