Vandecasteele T, Cornillie P, van Steenkiste G, Vandevelde K, Gielen I, Vanderperren K, van Loon G
Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Equine Vet J. 2019 Jan;51(1):90-96. doi: 10.1111/evj.12969. Epub 2018 Jun 29.
Echocardiography is the imaging technique of choice for the equine heart. Nevertheless, knowledge about ultrasonographic identification of dorsally located structures and vessels, related to the atria, in horses is scarce.
To describe the echocardiographic approach and the identification of structures and vessels in relation to the atria in healthy horses.
CT images from two equine hearts, casted with self-expanding foam, were segmented and used to identify atrial-related structures and vessels. These images were compared with standard and nonstandard ultrasound images from ten healthy horses obtained from a left and right parasternal view optimised to visualise the dorsal cardiac area.
On new standard ultrasound views, specific atrial anatomical landmarks such as vena cava, pulmonary arteries, intervenous tubercle and oval fossa were identified in all horses. In addition, ultrasound views were defined to visualise the brachiocephalic trunk, pulmonary veins and their ostia. The 3D segmented CT images from casted hearts were used to reconstruct slices that corresponded with the echocardiographic images and allowed correct identification of specific structures.
Ultrasound examinations and casts were from different animals. A small number of casts and horses were used; therefore, anatomical variation or individual differences in identifying structures on ultrasound could not be assessed.
Important cardiac structures and vessels, even the different pulmonary veins, could be identified on standard and nonstandard ultrasound images in adult horses. This knowledge is important to guide and develop interventional cardiology and might be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
超声心动图是马心脏成像的首选技术。然而，关于马背上位于心房相关结构和血管的超声识别知识却很匮乏。
描述健康马心房相关结构和血管的超声心动图检查方法及识别。
对两颗用自膨胀泡沫铸型的马心脏的CT图像进行分割，用于识别心房相关结构和血管。将这些图像与从左侧和右侧胸骨旁视图获得的10匹健康马的标准和非标准超声图像进行比较，这些视图经过优化以观察心脏背侧区域。
在新的标准超声视图上，所有马匹均识别出了特定的心房解剖标志，如腔静脉、肺动脉、静脉间结节和卵圆窝。此外，还定义了超声视图以观察头臂干、肺静脉及其开口。铸型心脏的三维分割CT图像用于重建与超声心动图图像对应的切片，并能正确识别特定结构。
超声检查和铸型来自不同动物。使用的铸型和马匹数量较少；因此，无法评估超声识别结构时的解剖变异或个体差异。
在成年马的标准和非标准超声图像上可以识别重要的心脏结构和血管，甚至不同的肺静脉。这些知识对于指导和发展介入心脏病学很重要，可能对诊断和治疗也有用。
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