College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2018 Oct;52:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.05.013. Epub 2018 May 26.
Ionic liquids have garnered increasing attention due to their capacity for low vapor pressure, lack of flammability, designability, good stability, and as a asubstitute for conventional organic solvents. However, their toxicity to various organisms has caused growing concern in recent years. Our study aims to evaluate the toxicity of 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Cmin]Cl) to human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, including cell viability, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, cell cycle, and apoptosis-related gene expression. Our results with HepG2 cells suggested that [Cmin]Cl inhibited cellular growth, decreased cell viability, induced DNA damage and apoptosis, inhibited superoxide dismutase, decreased glutathione content, increased cellular malondialdehyde levels as well as altering the cell cycle. Moreover, the induction of [Cmin]Cl altered the transcription of p53, Bax and Bcl-2, which are critical for controlling cell cycles progression and death, which suggests its involvement with cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by [Cmin]Cl in HepG2 cells. Taken together, these results revealed that [Cmin]Cl exerted genotoxicity, oxidative stress and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells; hence, it is not a healthy solvent.
离子液体因其低蒸气压、不燃性、可设计性、良好的稳定性以及作为传统有机溶剂的替代品而受到越来越多的关注。然而，近年来，它们对各种生物的毒性引起了人们越来越多的关注。我们的研究旨在评估 1-十六烷基-3-甲基咪唑氯([Cmin]Cl)对人肝癌细胞(HepG2)的毒性，包括细胞活力、遗传毒性、氧化应激、细胞凋亡、细胞周期和凋亡相关基因表达。我们对 HepG2 细胞的研究结果表明，[Cmin]Cl 抑制细胞生长，降低细胞活力，诱导 DNA 损伤和细胞凋亡，抑制超氧化物歧化酶，降低谷胱甘肽含量，增加细胞内丙二醛水平，并改变细胞周期。此外，[Cmin]Cl 的诱导改变了对控制细胞周期进程和死亡至关重要的 p53、Bax 和 Bcl-2 的转录，这表明它与 [Cmin]Cl 在 HepG2 细胞中诱导的细胞毒性和细胞凋亡有关。总之，这些结果表明 [Cmin]Cl 对 HepG2 细胞具有遗传毒性、氧化应激和诱导细胞凋亡的作用；因此，它不是一种健康的溶剂。
