Suomi Johanna, Tuominen Pirkko, Niinistö Sari, Virtanen Suvi M, Savela Kirsti
a Risk Assessment Research Unit , Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira , Helsinki , Finland.
b Unit of Nutrition , National Institute for Health and Welfare THL , Helsinki , Finland.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2018 Jul;35(7):1305-1315. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1480065. Epub 2018 Jun 18.
The dietary exposure of Finnish 3-year-old and 6-year-old children to cadmium, lead, arsenic and mercury was determined using concentration data from Finland and individual food consumption data as well as individual weights of the children. Using middle bound estimates, 88% of the 3-year-olds and 64% of the 6-year-olds exceeded the tolerable weekly intake of cadmium. The benchmark dose for neurological damage caused by lead was exceeded by 14% and 1%, while the lowest benchmark dose of inorganic arsenic was exceeded by 43% and 29% for the 3-year-olds and 6-year-olds, respectively. The exposure of both age groups was below the tolerable weekly intake for inorganic mercury and methyl mercury. Although high, the exposures calculated with predominantly national concentration data were lower than previously estimated by EFSA, due to, for example, lower average concentrations in some much-consumed foods. The heavy metal exposure levels of the girls and the boys were also compared. Exposure to cadmium and lead was significantly higher for the boys than for the girls in both age groups, and exposure to inorganic arsenic was significantly higher for the 6-year-old boys than the girls of same age.
利用芬兰的浓度数据、儿童个体食物消费数据以及儿童个体体重，测定了芬兰3岁和6岁儿童对镉、铅、砷和汞的膳食暴露量。采用中间界限估计值，88%的3岁儿童和64%的6岁儿童超过了镉的每周耐受摄入量。3岁和6岁儿童中，分别有14%和1%的儿童超过了铅导致神经损伤的基准剂量，而3岁和6岁儿童中，分别有43%和29%的儿童超过了无机砷的最低基准剂量。两个年龄组对无机汞和甲基汞的暴露量均低于每周耐受摄入量。尽管使用主要的全国浓度数据计算得出的暴露量较高，但由于某些大量消费食品中的平均浓度较低等原因，其低于欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）先前的估计值。还比较了女孩和男孩的重金属暴露水平。在两个年龄组中，男孩对镉和铅的暴露量均显著高于女孩，6岁男孩对无机砷的暴露量显著高于同龄女孩。
