Escuela Técnica Superior Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
Escuela Técnica Superior Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Nov 1;640-641:42-51. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.212. Epub 2018 May 29.
Despite Mediterranean ecosystems' high resilience to fire, both climate and land use change, and alterations in fire regimes increase their vulnerability to fire by affecting the long-term natural recovery of ecosystem services. The objective of this work is to study the effects of fire severity on biochemical soil indicators, such as chemical composition or enzymatic activity, related to time after fire and natural vegetation recovery (soil-plant interphase). Soil samples from three wildfires occurring 3, 15 and 21 years ago were taken in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula (semiarid climate). Sampling included three fire severity levels in naturally regenerated (and changing to shrublands) Pinus halepensis Mill. forests. In the short-term post-fire period, phosphorus concentration, electrical conductivity and urease activity were positively linked to fire severity, and also influenced β-glucosidade activity in a negative relationship. During the 15-21-year post-fire period, the effects related to medium-high fire severity were negligible and soil quality indicators were linked to natural regeneration success. The results showed that most soil properties recovered in the long term after fire (21 years). These outcomes will help managers and stakeholders to implement management tools to stabilise soils and to restore burned ecosystems affected by medium-high fire severity. Such knowledge can be considered in adaptive forest management to reduce the negative effects of wildfires and desertification, and to improve the resilience of vulnerable ecosystems in a global change scenario.
尽管地中海生态系统对火灾具有高度的恢复力，但气候和土地利用变化以及火灾发生频率的改变会通过影响生态系统服务的长期自然恢复，增加其对火灾的脆弱性。本研究的目的是研究火灾严重程度对生化土壤指标的影响，例如与火灾后时间和自然植被恢复（土壤-植物界面）相关的化学组成或酶活性。在伊比利亚半岛东南部（半干旱气候），采集了 3 场、15 场和 21 年前发生的 3 次野火的土壤样本。采样包括自然再生（并逐渐变为灌丛）的油松林中的 3 种不同火灾严重程度水平。在火灾后的短期时间内，磷浓度、电导率和脲酶活性与火灾严重程度呈正相关，β-葡萄糖苷酶活性也呈负相关。在火灾后 15-21 年期间，与中高强度火灾严重程度相关的影响可以忽略不计，土壤质量指标与自然再生成功率相关。结果表明，大多数土壤特性在火灾后（21 年）的长期内得到了恢复。这些结果将有助于管理者和利益相关者实施管理工具，以稳定土壤并恢复受中高强度火灾影响的燃烧生态系统。在全球变化情景下，这种知识可以被认为是适应性森林管理的一部分，以减少野火和荒漠化的负面影响，并提高脆弱生态系统的恢复力。
