Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2019 Sep-Oct;95(5):531-537. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 May 30.
The prevalence of obesity is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is endothelial dysfunction in children with normal or excess weight, and whether the metabolic profile, adipokines, and endothelial dysfunction would be more strongly associated with physical fitness or with physical activity levels.
Cross-sectional study involving children aged 5-12 years. The evaluation included venous occlusion plethysmography, serum levels of adiponectin, leptin and insulin, lipid profile, physical activity score (PAQ-C questionnaire), and physical fitness evaluation (Yo-Yo test).
A total of 62 children participated in this study. Based on the body mass index, 27 were eutrophic, 10 overweight and 25 obese. Triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HOMA-IR, and leptin were higher in the obese and excess-weight groups compared to the eutrophic group (p<0.01). HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels were higher in the eutrophic group compared to the obese and excess-weight groups (p<0.01). Flow-mediated vasodilation after hyperemia was higher in the eutrophic group in comparison to obese and excess-weight subjects (p<0.05). There was no difference in the physical activity levels among groups measured by PAQ-C. The Yo-Yo test was significantly associated with HDL cholesterol (rho=-0.41; p=0.01), and this association remained after adjusting for body mass index z-score (rho=0.28; p=0.03).
This study showed that endothelial dysfunction is already present in obese children, suggesting a predisposition to atherosclerotic disease. Moreover, HDL cholesterol levels were correlated with physical fitness, regardless of body mass index.
肥胖的患病率正在增加。本研究旨在探讨正常或超重儿童是否存在内皮功能障碍，以及代谢特征、脂肪因子和内皮功能障碍与身体活动水平或身体活动水平的关联是否更强。
本研究为一项横断面研究，共纳入 5-12 岁的儿童。评估内容包括静脉阻塞体积描记法、血清脂联素、瘦素和胰岛素水平、血脂谱、身体活动评分（PAQ-C 问卷）和身体适应性评估（Yo-Yo 测试）。
本研究共纳入 62 名儿童。根据体重指数，27 名儿童为正常体重，10 名儿童超重，25 名儿童肥胖。与正常体重组相比，肥胖和超重组的甘油三酯、LDL 胆固醇、HOMA-IR 和瘦素水平更高（p<0.01）。与肥胖和超重组相比，正常体重组的 HDL 胆固醇和脂联素水平更高（p<0.01）。与肥胖和超重儿童相比，正常体重儿童的充血后血流介导的血管扩张更高（p<0.05）。通过 PAQ-C 测量的各组之间的身体活动水平没有差异。Yo-Yo 测试与 HDL 胆固醇显著相关（rho=-0.41；p=0.01），且在校正体重指数 z 评分后，这种相关性仍然存在（rho=0.28；p=0.03）。
本研究表明，肥胖儿童已经存在内皮功能障碍，提示其存在动脉粥样硬化疾病的易感性。此外，HDL 胆固醇水平与身体适应性相关，而与体重指数无关。
