Hashemi Nassim, Ghorbani Ali, Soleymani Zahra, Kamali Mohmmad, Ahmadi Zohreh Ziatabar, Mahmoudian Saeid
Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Jul;110:93-99. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.05.003. Epub 2018 May 5.
Auditory discrimination of speech sounds is an important perceptual ability and a precursor to the acquisition of language. Auditory information is at least partially necessary for the acquisition and organization of phonological rules. There are few standardized behavioral tests to evaluate phonemic distinctive features in children with or without speech and language disorders. The main objective of the present study was the development, validity, and reliability of the Persian version of auditory word discrimination test (P-AWDT) for 4-8-year-old children.
A total of 120 typical children and 40 children with speech sound disorder (SSD) participated in the present study. The test comprised of 160 monosyllabic paired-words distributed in the Forms A-1 and the Form A-2 for the initial consonants (80 words) and the Forms B-1 and the Form B-2 for the final consonants (80 words). Moreover, the discrimination of vowels was randomly included in all forms. Content validity was calculated and 50 children repeated the test twice with two weeks of interval (test-retest reliability). Further analysis was also implemented including validity, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency), age groups, and gender.
The content validity index (CVI) and the test-retest reliability of the P-AWDT were achieved 63%-86% and 81%-96%, respectively. Moreover, the total Cronbach's alpha for the internal consistency was estimated relatively high (0.93). Comparison of the mean scores of the P-AWDT in the typical children and the children with SSD revealed a significant difference. The results revealed that the group with SSD had greater severity of deficit than the typical group in auditory word discrimination. In addition, the difference between the age groups was statistically significant, especially in 4-4.11-year-old children. The performance of the two gender groups was relatively same.
The comparison of the P-AWDT scores between the typical children and the children with SSD demonstrated differences in the capabilities of auditory phonological discrimination in both initial and final positions. It supposed that the P-AWDT meets the appropriate validity and reliability criteria. The P-AWDT test can be utilized to measure the distinctive features of phonemes, the auditory discrimination of initial and final consonants and middle vowels of words in 4-8-year-old typical children and children with SSD.
语音的听觉辨别是一项重要的感知能力，也是语言习得的前提。听觉信息对于语音规则的习得和组织至少是部分必要的。几乎没有标准化的行为测试来评估有或无言语和语言障碍儿童的音位区别特征。本研究的主要目的是开发适用于4至8岁儿童的波斯语版听觉单词辨别测试（P-AWDT），并验证其有效性和可靠性。
共有120名正常儿童和40名语音障碍（SSD）儿童参与了本研究。该测试由160个单音节配对词组成，分布在A-1表和A-2表中用于初始辅音（80个词），以及B-1表和B-2表中用于末尾辅音（80个词）。此外，元音辨别随机包含在所有表格中。计算内容效度，50名儿童间隔两周重复测试两次（重测信度）。还进行了进一步分析，包括效度、组内相关系数（ICC）、克朗巴哈系数（内部一致性）、年龄组和性别。
P-AWDT的内容效度指数（CVI）和重测信度分别达到63%-86%和81%-96%。此外，内部一致性的总克朗巴哈系数估计相对较高（0.93）。P-AWDT在正常儿童和SSD儿童中的平均得分比较显示出显著差异。结果表明，SSD组在听觉单词辨别方面的缺陷严重程度高于正常组。此外，年龄组之间的差异具有统计学意义，尤其是在4至4.11岁的儿童中。两个性别组的表现相对相同。
正常儿童和SSD儿童之间P-AWDT分数的比较表明，在初始和末尾位置的听觉语音辨别能力存在差异。推测P-AWDT符合适当的效度和信度标准。P-AWDT测试可用于测量4至8岁正常儿童和SSD儿童的音位区别特征、单词初始和末尾辅音以及中间元音的听觉辨别能力。
